AMERICAN GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS. 117 
Paspalum distichum I. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 855, 1759. 
There is no indication on the sheet as to the source of the specimen, though Munro 
states that itis from Browne. The specimen belongs to this species as generally under- 
stood. Spikes 2 or 3; spikelets 3 mim, long, acute, pubescent on the convex side. — 
Panicum glaucum IL. Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. 
The type and form / are from the Old World but » is based on ‘Panicum spica 
simplici, aristis aggregatis flosculo subjectis. Gron. virg. 184.7? This last form is 
represented by Clayton no, 579 and is the ordinary form of Chaetochloa glauca (1.) 
Scribn. . 
Panicum crusgalli L. Sp. Pl. 56. 1753. 
One sheet marked ‘K” is the ordinary small form of this species. This specimen 
must be considered the type, since it agrees with the description and is the only one 
to which Linnzeus has attached the name. Pinned to this are two other sheets both 
from Gronovius. One is the large-panicled, short-awned form, with stout erect culms 
and is the same as the plant in the Gronovius herbarium, cited in Gron. Fl. Virg. as 
Clayton no, 591, and bears the label, “591 panicum arvense paniculis fuscis densiori- 
bus glumis hispidis aristis brevioribus,’? which is quoted by Gronovius. On the 
second sheet is the large-panicled, long-awned form with hispid sheaths, now called 
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Nash. It bears the label, 579 pl. 2 Panicum arundina- 
ceum spica ampla densa hispida purpurea longis aristatis Clayt.,’’ which is mentioned 
by Gronovius,@ who also quotes the Bauhin citation given by Linnzeus under 6. This 
is, therefore, the specimen upon which the locality ‘‘ Virginiae cultis” is based and 
represents Linnzeus’s idea of Panteum erusgalli fp. 
Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. 
The specimen upon which Linneeus has written the name is marked “HU” and is 
the ordinary form of this species, Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac, as is another 
sheet pinned to this with a citation from Sloane. Linnzeus cites “Gron. virg. 154,”’ in 
his description. The plant, Clayton no. 457, could not be found at the British Museum, 
but there is no doubt that Gronovius was describing our ordinary crab-grass— a name 
which he uses. Linnzeus also cites “Sloan. Hist. 1, p. 118. t. 70. f. 2° a synonym 
which, however, does not affect the identity of the type. In Sloane’s herbarium two 
specimens are covered by this citation. One is Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauy., the 
other L. mucronata (Michx.) Kunth, but the plate is taken from the former. This 
plate is cited under Cynosurus virgatus in the Systema Naturae,? and under both 
Cynosurus virgatus (page 106) and Panicum sanguinale (page 85) in the second edition 
of the Species Plantarum (1762), 
Panicum filiforme L. Sp. Pl. 97. 1753. 
The sheet taken as the type is marked “ K’’ and is the ordinary form, Syntherisma 
filiformis (L.) Nash. A second sheet, also marked “1K”? has this and a specimen of 
Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel, A third sheet marked “ HU” is Syntherisma sanguinalis 
(L.) Dulac. 
Panicum dichotomum L. Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. 
Linnwus’s specimen, marked “K7’, is Panicum microcarpon Muhl. (2?. barbulatum 
of our manuals, not Michaux). Nodes barbed, spikelets 1.5 mm. long. Munro states 
that this is “the plant described by A, Gray as dichotomum.”’ The latter, however, 
has smooth nodes and spikelets 2mm, long. It should be noted that since Linnieus 
gives no description of his own but quotes that of Gronovius the plant of Gronovius 
becomes the type. Gronovius’s specimen (Clayton no, 458) consists of two plants, 
one of which is the P. dichotomum of our manuals and the other P. odigosanthes Schultes. 
The description applies better to the former, which should therefore be taken as the 
type. This retains the name in the traditional sense. 
ak]. Virg. ed. 2. 13, 1762, b Ed.10. 2: 876. 1759. 
