PITTIER TREATMENT OF THE GENUS CASTILLA. 271 



long; stigmas greenish yellow, thin and pointed. 1.8 to 2.5 mm. long, dividing 

 a little below the tips of the perianth and sparsely hairy on their outer face. 



Fructiferous receptacles sessile, shallow-cupuliform, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, 

 covered outside with greatly enlarged scales. Achenia 20 to 40 to each recep- 

 tacle, about 2 cm. long, pulpy and orange red al maturity, elongate and more 

 or less tetrahedral or cuneate, contiguous through their whole length, with a 

 rounded top, slightly depressed at the apex around the persistent style. a Seeds 

 ovoid. 11 mm. long, 8.5 mm. in diameter; outer episperm white, subtransparent ; 

 arillus brownish red, smooth. 



Costa Rica : Turrialba, in the Reventazon Valley, altitude 680 meters, 

 Oersted; Cook & Boyle 373, flowers and fruit, April 28, 1903; around Peralta, 

 Reventazon Valley, altitude 300 meters, Pilticr, young fruit, June, 1003 (Instituto 

 ffs.-geog. Costa Rica no. 10704) ; in banana plantations at Freehold, plains of 

 Sta. Clara, altitude 100 meters, Pittier, fruit, May, 1002 (Instituto ffs.-geog. Costa 

 Rica no. 1S15) : Zent Farms near Port Limon nearly at sea level, Cook &■ Doyle, 

 475, flowers and fruit. May 2, 1003; plains of San Carlos, altitude 100 meters. 

 Cook t£- Doyle 70, flowers and fruit, April 14, 1903. 



Explanation op Plates 29-34. — PI. 20, a fully grown individual of Castilla costari- 

 cana at San Carlos, Costa Rica, called Castilla alba by Mr. Koschny and said to bear only 

 male flowers. PI. 30, primary male inflorescences at various stages of development. 

 Pi. 31, male inflorescence at a more advanced stage; terminal buds. PI. 32, pistillate 

 flowers and eomplemental inflorescences at various stages. Pi. 33, fully mature fruits and 

 washed seeds. PI. 34, different view of mature fruit; detached drupes; bases of leaves. 



Llebmann's specific diagnosis refers entirely to characters taken from the 

 leaf, which experience has shown to be quite inconclusive, so as to justify in 

 some degree the rejection of this species by Hooker. Quite vague, too, and 

 somewhat perplexing, is this further enumeration of the differential characters, 

 given as a supplement to the Latin description: "It resembles very much 

 C. elastica, from which it differs by the dimensions and more especially by 

 the nature and color of the pubescence." With reference to the diagnosis it 

 has been found that there is no sensible difference in the size of the leaf in 

 C. costarieana. C. nicoyensis, and the Motzorongo specimens, which we infer 

 to belong to C. clastiea; numerous measurements have shown also that, the 

 petiole is really longer on the 'average in laebmann's species 'and the char- 

 acters derived from the pubescence are not constant enough to be taken into 

 consideration. As to the color, it is to be noted, namely, that it seems to be 

 grayish in specimens grown in the sunny open, and fawn-colored (fulvous) 

 only on trees located in the shady forest. 



Nevertheless a close examination of the inflorescences and of the fruit shows 

 that there are in their respective parts structural differences that fully sup- 

 port the maintenance of the Costa Rican type as a distinct species. In the 

 primary male inflorescence the receptacles are usually broader and covered 

 with larger scales, the interstaminate bractlets are few and little developed 

 and never occur on the filaments, and those which are present are rounded 

 and fully differentiated from the bractlets. The styles are slender, propor- 

 tionately longer, and glabrous; the stigmas are two, never more, short and 

 hairy on the outer or lower side. The fructiferous receptacles are on the 

 average smaller, with only IS to 31 achenia, these completely immersed. These 

 peculiarities, taken together, are certainly more than sufficient to distinguish 

 Liebmann's species from all its congeners. 



a Many of these achenia are seedless and formed of a compact, reddish, pulpy 

 mass, with a perfect exterior appearance. 

 57441°— voi. 13. pt 7—10 3 



