HEKRE — THE GYEOPHORACEAE OF CALIFORNIA. 317 



more or less roughened and reticulate by coarse, often very high, ridges, rarely papu- 

 lose with the ridges little evident; color varying from a pale ashen and ashy brown 

 to olive brown or almost blackening above, beneath quite variable, usually a pale 

 pink or roseate, but also buff, ashy brown, and blackening; under surface sometimes 

 smooth with almost no hairs, those present reduced to mere^ papillae, but more usually 

 clothed with long simple hairs, these sometimes so numerous as entirely to conceal 

 the surface, and either colorless or varying from pale pink or rose color to blackish; 

 apothecia small to more than medium sized, usually numerous when present, at first 

 adnate but finally prominent or elevated, simple, orbicular, with a narrow entire and 

 finally flexuous margin; asci clavate to ventricose; spores rare, colorless in my sped- 



4.5-9 

 mens, ellipsoid in all Californian specimens, J_, ,. /i; according to Tuckerman the spores 



also fuscescent; spermatia oblong, 3.5 to 5/z long. 



A plant of alpine peaks and arctic regions, probably occurring all over the western 

 half of the continent; I have examined Californian specimens collected by Bolander 

 and Lapham (no specific locality), and by Doctor Hasse from Mount San Bernardino 

 at an altitude of 3,G00 meters, Mount San Antonio at 3,000 meters, and the Tehachepi 

 Mountains at an elevation of 2,500 meters. I have also collected this lichen about 

 Reno, Nevada, at an altitude of 1,600 meters. It is abundant and finely developed, 

 though rarely fruiting, on the summit of Mount Rose above 3,300 meters. It also 

 occurs rather sparingly in the Sierra Nevada Mountains along the Truckee River 

 at an altitude of 2,000 meters. Additional specimens were examined from the 

 U. S. National Herbarium, collected in Colorado, Wyoming, Oregon, Labrador, New 

 Mexico (?), and St. George Island, Bering Sea. 



The plant probably occurs on all mountains in the West which rise to a height of 

 2,000 meters or more. 



Explanation of Plate 68.— See page 316. 



5. Gyrophora vellea (L.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 109. 1803. Plate 70, a, b. 



Lichen vcllcus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1617. 1763. 



Umbilicaria vellea Tuck. Syn. N. Amer. Lich. 1: 87. 1882. 



Thallus large to very large, one-leaved, thick, leathery, rigid, the upper surface 

 usually smooth and entire, but sometimes becoming roughened and chinky, varying 

 in color from pale ashy cream to darker, mouse color, yellowish, and brownish, also 

 more or less white or bluish pruinose; under surface black, usually very hirsute, the 

 short fibrils mostly intensely black, sometimes brown, sometimes with naked spots, 

 these when present usually granular; apothecia mostly small to minute, usually near 

 the margin, appressed, plicate, orbicular, more rarely becoming convex and promi- 

 nent; fertile specimens infrequent. Spores colorless, rounded or short-ellipsoid, 

 6-8 



FIB*- 



This lichen has not yet been collected in California, but may be expected in all 

 the Western States. I have examined specimens from the National Herbarium col- 

 lected in British Columbia, at Columbia Falls, Montana, in Yellowstone Park, and in 

 Colorado. Recorded by Tuckerman from the "North West Coast, Douglas,' 1 '' which 

 I interpret as being somewhere between the region of the mouth of the Columbia 

 and Vancouver Island. 



Explanation op Plate 70. — a, Under surface, and b, upper surface of Gyrophora vellea, same specimen; 

 c, under surface, and d, upper surface of O. polyrhiza. a, b, Prom specimen collected by C. F. Paker, in the 

 foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Fort Collins, Colorado, April 5, 1890; c, d, from material collected at 

 Devils Canon. All natural size. 



6. Gyrophora grisea Borr. & Turn. Lich. Brit. 236. 1839. 



Lichen griseus Swartz; Westr. Vet. Akad. Handl. 52. 1793. 

 Umbilicaria hirsuta grisea Tuck. Syn. N. Amer. Lich. 1: 87. 1882. 

 Gyrophora hirsuta grisea Hasse, The Bryologist 11: 56. 1908. 



