114 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. 
particles to the noun, which become united enclitically to it, as “‘ tata-ho,” 
my father; *‘ tata-mo,” thy father; *‘ tata-fia,” his father; ‘* tata-ta,” our 
father (including the person addressed); ‘tatan-mame” (excluding the 
person addressed), ete. To this division belongs the Chamorro lan- 
guage of Guam. 
One feature of the Chamorro language, which has led to much con- 
fusion in the various vocabularies of that language appearing in the 
reports of scientific expeditions, is the modification of tonic vowels of 
nouns and adjectives when immediately following the definite article. 
Thus ‘ta” (like ‘Sa’ in father) becomes ‘ai’ (very much like ‘Sa? in 
hat), ‘°o” becomes ‘Se. and ‘Su’ becomes ‘1. We have ‘*lahe.” 
man, but ‘ti lhe,” the man; guma, house, but ‘ti gima,” the house; 
“Jokd na guma,” high house, but ‘ti lek@ na guma,” or ‘Si gima na 
loka,” the high house. It also possesses the characteristic, common te 
the group to which it belongs, of uniting an attributive adjective to 
its noun by means of a ligature (‘na’) as shown in the preceding 
example.“ The plural of a few nouns is formed by reduplication of the 
tonic syllable, the plural of all adjectives and a certain class of nouns 
is formed by prefixing the particle **man” to the word; as ‘‘mauleg 
i libe,” good is the man; ‘‘manmauleg: i liliihe.” good are the men: 
*aniti,” ghost, “Smananiti,” ghosts.” The plural of most nouns, 
however, is indicated by placing after them the word ‘*siha,” which 
is the plural of the third personal pronoun, as ** @uma siha” houses. 
For a more complete account of the Chamorro language of Guam 
the reader is referred to a series of papers by the author in the Amer- 
ican Anthropologist, new series, volumes 5, 6, and 7, 1903-5, 
In the two following tables a number of Guam words are compared 
with corresponding words in the Polynesian, Philippine, and Malaysian 
languages. In the column of Philippine names ‘*T.” indicates the 
Tagilog language; *‘ V.,” the Visayan; ‘*1.,” the IHoeano, and ** P.,” 
the Pampago. In the column of Polynesian names ‘*S.” stands for 
Samoa, °° H.” for Hawaii, and ‘tN. Z. for New Zealand. The words 
given in these tables are selected from among a great number which 
do not show such close correspondence. It would be misleading to 
give the impression that the Chamorro language bears a very close 
resemblance to the Polynesian dialects or that it may be considered 
a Philippine dialect. Certain words, it is true, are closely allied to 
both the Polynesian and Philippine names for the same thing, but on 
the other hand there are words much more nearly like the primitive 
Malayan than either the Philippine or Polynesian forms, and in no 
one language of the Philippine Archipelago is there a close corre- 
spondence either in the vocabulary or in the verbal forms with those 
of the Chamorro, 
“This feature will be seen in many Philippine plant names. The ligation is in 
some cases shortened to an » or ng added to the noun; as chotdan dayo Coreign 
banana), and kamoting kahoi (tree sweet-potato), cassava plant. 
