DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 199 
(L.) Small. The synonomy of these much-confused species seems to have been first 
nade clear by Urban Symb, 2: 269-285. 1900. Cuesalpinia brasiliensis, however, does 
not appear to be congeneric with the species known as Caesalpinia sappan, and the 
name published by Todaro for the group *o which the latter species does belong is 
accordingly adopted.—W. F. W. 
Bidens tenuifolia. See Glossogyne tenuifolia. 
Biga (Philippines). See Adocasia indica and A. macrorrhiza. 
Bikkia mariannensis. See Cormigonus mariannensis. 
Bilangbilang (Philippines). See Seswrium portulacastrum. 
Bilimbines (Guam). See Averrhoa carambola. 
Bird pepper. See Capsicum frutescens; in Guam called ‘*doni.”’ 
Bird’s-nest fern. See Neottopteris nidus under Ferns; in Guam called ‘galak.” 
Bitanhol, Bitaog (Philippines). See Calophyllum inophyllum. 
Bitogo (Philippines). See Cycus circinalis. 
Bixa orellana. ArRNoTTo. PLATE XXXIX. 
Family Bixaceae. 
LocaL NAMES.—Achiote, Achuete (Guam, Philippines); Achote (Spanish); 
Achiotl (Mexico); Loa (Samoa). 
A small tree bearing prickly capsules containing seeds surrounded by a red pulp, 
which yields the well-knownarnotto of commerce. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, 
entire or angular, smooth on both surfaces. 
Arnotto is prepared by macerating the pods in boiling water, removing the seeds, 
and leaving the pulp tosettle. The water is then poured off and the residuum, which 
is of a bright yellow or orange color, is used as a dyestuff. In Guam it is sometimes 
put in soup and rice. The Caroline Islanders use it to paint their bodies, together 
with turmeric. It is sometimes used in the same way by the Samoans. 
The chief uses to which arnotto is applied are for dyeing silk and cotton orange- 
yellow, and for coloring cheese and butter. The color imparted to fabrics, however, 
is not lasting. 
REFERENCES: 
Biva orellana L. Sp, Pl. 1: 512. 1753, 
Black fibre palm. See Saguerus pinnatus. 
Black thorn (British West Indies). See Acacia farnesiana, 
Bledos blancos (Spanish). See Amaranthus oleraceus. 
Blind-your-eyes (Australia). See Hxcoecaria agallocha, 
Blinding tree. See Evcoecaria agallocha. 
Blood flower (Jamaica). See Asclepias curassarica, 
Blue pea. See Clitoriu ternatea, 
Bocoa edulis. POLYNESIAN CHESTNUT. 
Family Fabaceae. 
Loca names.—If (N. Guinea); Ivi (Fiji); Ifi (Samoa); Ti (Samoa); Cayam, 
Kayam (Cebu); Mapé (Tahiti); Marrap (Ponape); Marefa (Mortlocks). 
A tree bearing an edible kidney-shaped fruit, recently introduced into Guam from 
the Caroline Islands, but not yet bearing. In Polynesia and in some of the Malayan 
Islands its fruit isan important food staple. The tree grows toa great size, often 
towering above the general level of the forest. When young the. trunk is nearly cyl- 
indrical. It later becomes fluted, as though surrounded by adherent columns, which 
when older develop into radiating buttresses, like great planks. In Samoa it is one 
of the most striking features of the forest. Leaves oblong, leathery, feather-veined, 
short-petioled, with small stipules; flowers inconspicuous, in loose axillary spikes, 
white or yellowish, very fragrant; calyx tubular or somewhat bell-shaped, irregularly 
