220 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. 
suckers. Flowers small, white, remote, in small spikes; perianth with 3 inner equal 
obovate lobes and 3 outer minute ones; fertile stamens 9, the 3 inner ones with 2 
glands at the base, the filaments of the 3 outer ones petal-like, of the 6 others filiform; 
fruit round, one-seeded, inclosed by the perianth and crowned by its lobes; ovary 
free, style short, stigma depressed. 
REFERENCES: 
Cassytha filiformis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 35, 1753. 
Casta (Philippines). See Jatropha curcas. 
Castor-bean. See Ricinus communis. 
Casuarina equisetifolia. POLYNESIAN IRONWOOD. PLATE XLI. 
Family Casuarinaceae. 
LocaL NAMES.—Gago (Guam); Agoho (Philippines); Toa (Samoa, Rarotonga); 
Aito (Tahiti); Swamp oak, She-oak, Beef-wood (Australia). 
A leafiess tree with drooping branches, somewhat like a pine in general appear- 
ance. Branches 6 to 8-angled or terete, jointed like the stems of an Equisetum, with 
6 to 8 sheath teeth at the joints. The genus to which the plant belongs, though 
formerly classed with the conifers, is now recognized as the only known genus of a 
distinct family. The flowers are unisexual, the staminate in cylindrical terminal 
spikes and the pistillate in dense heads borne in the axils and ripening into a cone, 
which is corky and buoyant and incloses winged seeds (see p. 75). 
The wood is heavy, strong, and very hard, of a red color when fresh, but turning 
a dark brown with age. It is excellent for fuel. In Samoa the natives make spears 
and war clubs of it. In Guam it is scarcely at all utilized, as it is hard to work. In 
the Hawaiian Islands it has been planted along the sea beach and grows rapidly and 
readily. It loves sandy soil, and will grow in brackish localities. The natives of 
Samoa prize it so highly that they often plant it near their dwellings. There a large 
tree is seldom seen, and the young trees are straight and spindling. At Waikiki, 
near Honolulu, there is a beautiful avenue of it, planted within comparatively recent 
time. There the trees grow straight. In Guam it is abundant along sandy beaches, 
especially on the east shore of the island. It also grows on the high ‘sabanas,”’ 
where it is usually the only tree, but it never grows within the forest. All the Guam 
trees have twisted and gnarled trunks, from the effect of hurricanes. 
The species is of wide tropical distribution. It is indigenous in Australia, on the 
Malayan Islands, and on the east side of the Bay of Bengal, and oceurs on many 
islands of the Pacific, extending eastward to the Marqnesas and northward to the 
Mariannes. It is cultivated in many warm countries, including the Hawaiian Islands, 
southern Florida, California, and Uruguay. 
REFERENCES: 
Casuarina equisetifolia Stickman, Herb. Amb. 1754; Amoen. Acad. 4: 143, 1759. 
Caste (Guam). See Anacardium occidentale. 
Cathartocarpus fistula Pers. Same as Cassia fistula. 
Cator (Philippines). See Jatropha curcas. 
Caturai (Guam, Philippines). See Agati grandiflora, 
Cauayang tinic (Philippines). See Bambos blumeana 
Caudolejeunia. See under Hepatice. 
Caulerpa. See under Algz. 
Cayam (Cebu). See Bocoa edulis. 
Cayenne pepper. See Capsicum annuum cerasiforme and C. frutescens. 
Ceanothus asiaticus. Same as Colubrina asiatica. 
Cebolla (Spanish). See Allium cepa. 
Cebolla halom-tano (Guam). ‘An orchid, Znisia teretifolia, 
