298 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. 
ical means with an instrument called the écuelle @ piques... This is formed like a saucer, 
the bottom of which is covered with sharp projections and is deepened at its center 
into a tube, so that it has the shape of a funnel with its tube closed at the end. The 
peel is held in the hand and rubbed over the pins, by which the oil vessels of the 
entire surface are punctured; the liberated oil collects in the tube, and is emptied 
from time to time into another vessel, where it may be easily separated from the 
liquid accompanying it.@ 
In Guam the natives use the fruit only as a hair wash. It does not produce a 
lather like the bitter orange, but cleanses the hair, which is afterwards washed thor- 
oughly with water, and imparts to it a pleasant fragrance. The tree bas spread all 
over the island and is common along the roadsides and at the edge of the woods. 
REFERENCES: 
Citrus bergamia Wight & Arn. Prod. 98, 1834. 
Citrus aurantium bergamia Duham. Arb. ed. nov. 7: 98. t. 26. f. 3. 1819. 
Citrus decumana. SHADDOCK. 
Loca NAMEs.—Lalanha, Lalafigha (Guam); Moli tonga (Samoa); Lucban, 
Lulsa (Philippines); Pompelmoes (Dutch); Pomplemousse (French); Pum- 
melo (Brit. India). 
The shaddock may possibly be a variety of the orange ? instead of a distinct species. 
It grows to the size of a tree. Young shoots pubescent; leaflets large, ovate-oblong, 
frequently emarginate and pubescent beneath; petiole broadly winged; flowers 
large, white; fruit large, pale yellow, globose or pyriform; rind thick; pulp pale, 
yellow-pink or red, usually sweet, sometimes acid, the vesicles distinct, easily sepa- 
rable from one another. 
In Guam several varieties of shaddocks are to be found, varving in size and shape 
and in the color of the pulp. The natives make little or no use of them. They are 
eaten by Europeans, but their flavor is not especially good. Some of the varieties 
have a very thick skin like that of the citron, and are called ‘‘cidra,’’ or ‘“‘setla”’ 
by the natives. One variety has pink pulp. They are all inferior to the thin- 
skinned forms sold in our markets as ‘ grape-fruit’’ and ‘‘pomelos,’? which do not 
occur in Guam, This fruit owes its conmmon English name to Captain Shaddock, 
who introduced it into the West Indies from China. 
REFERENCES: 
Citrus decumana (L.) Murr, Syst. ed. 13. 580. 1774. 
Citrus aurantium grandis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 738. 1753. 
Citrus aurantium decumana L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1101. 1768. 
Citrus hystrix acida. Lime. 
LocAL NAMEs.—Limon (Guam); Dalayap (Philippines); Tipolo (Samoa); Lima 
(Ceylon); Lemon Nipis (Malayan). 
A shrub or small tree with elliptic-oblong or oval leaflet, petiole winged, many 
times shorter than the leaflet; flowers white, fragrant, often 4-petaled; fruit usually 
small, globose or ovoid, yellow, with pale, sour pulp. Considered by Hooker ¢ to be 
a variety of Citrus medica, and by Engler’ to be a subspecies of C. hystrix. In Guam 
the fruit is small and always globose, never having the terminal nipple characteristic 
of the lemons on the island. 
The lime is especially well adapted for hedges. It grows readily either from seed 
or from cuttings. It sends up stout vertical shoots from the roots and forms dense 
thickets if left undisturbed. It produces continuously in Guam, the bushes bearing 
both flowers and fruit at the same time The fruit is the principal source of the well- 
known lime juice of commerce. In Guam it is very common. The natives use it 
@See Spons’ Encyclopedia, p. 1457, 1882. 
» Bonavia, Cultivated Oranges and Lemons, p. 223, 1890. 
» ¢Flora, British India, vol. i, p. 515, 1872. 
@ Engler und Prantl, Die Nattrlichen Pflanzentamilien, Theil 3, Abt. 4, p. 200, 1897, 
