962 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. . 
take note of it. In connection with this it is remarked that the D. aculeata L. is 
described so insufficiently and badly that perhaps a series of species is ineluded 
within it.@ 
REFERENCES: 
Dioscorea papuana Warb. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb, 13: 275. 1891. 
Dioscorea sativa. RoUND-STEMMED YAM. NEGRO YAM. COMMON YAM. 
LocaL NAMEs.—Dago (Guam); Bayog cabayo, Baong, Balidcag (Philippines); 
Hoi (Tahiti, Hawaii); Oi (Rarotonga); Pua-hoi (Marquesas); Hoei-oepas 
(Sunda); Kaile (Iiji). 
Closely allied to D. alata, but with round instead of 4-winged stems. Quite gla- 
brous; stem sometimes prickly below, bulbiferous, slender, green or purple; tubers 
large, variable in form, white or yellowish within, soon decaying when taken from 
the ground; leaves opposite or alternate, very variable in size, sometimes attaining 
35 em, in length and breadth, membranous, dark green, usually very deeply cordate, 
but sometimes with only a shallow, broad sinus, acuminate, cuspidate, or caudate, 
7 to 9-costate; male spikes slender, panicled, almost capillary, 2.5 to 10 em. long; 
flowers crowded or scattered, very variable in size, green or purplish; sepals narrow, 
linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.5 to 6 mm. long, fleshy; petals rather narrower; fila- 
ments much shorter than the perianth; anthers minute, didymous; pistillode 8-lobed ; 
female spikes axillary, solitary, or fascicled, 10 to 25 em. long, pendulous; flowers 3 
to6mm. long; sepalsasinthe male; capsule quadrately oblong, 16 to 25 min. by & to 
13 mm. long, membranous; seeds with a broad basal wing. This species is regarded 
by Hooker and by Bentham as the true 2. sativa of Linnseus. The capsule is rather 
broader upward, the top truncate or abruptly acute, the base truncate or subcordate. 
REFERENCES: 
Proscorea sativa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 10838. 1753. 
Dioscorea spinosa. Sprxy yAM. WiI._p YAM. PLATE XLIX. 
LocaL NAMES.—Gado, Nika cimarron (Guam); Tuned Toned (Philippines); 
Mou-aloo (Calcutta). 
Tubers very large; base of stem beset with long woody, rigid fibers, bearing lateral 
spines 12 mm. long;?” glabrous or tomentose; stem round, very spinous at the base; 
leaves orbicular-cordate or reniform-cordate, 20 em. long and broad; acuminate or 
cuspidate, 5 to 7-nerved, rather membranous, basal lobes rounded; male flowers in 
simple or nearly simple axillary spikes, 15 to 45 em, long, distant or in distant 
clusters; flowers 3 mim. in diameter, often in very dense cymules, sessile or shortly 
pediceled; bracteoles very broad; perianth lobes remote from the large oblong 
pistillode; sepals broadly oblong or orbicular; stamens 6, all having anthers; anthers 
large; female raceme rather short; capsule broader than long, 2.5 em. in diameter, 
broadly obcordate. 
To this species should be referred D. aeuleata of Roxburgh (not L.). Linnzeus’s 
species of that name is Rheede’s ‘‘kattu kelngu,”’ 
In Fiji athorny yam, called ‘“tivoli’’? by the natives, grows in the woods, which 
Seemann considers tobe D. nummdaria Lam.¢ This plant differs from D. aculeata, 
which has panicled male spikes. 
according to Seemann, in having opposite instead of alternate leaves. The base of 
its stem is spiny; leaves ovate or oval, scarious-mucronate, with the base subcordate 
or rather rotundate, 5-nerved, glaucescent below; spikes axillary; wings of the eap- 
sule hemispherical. Hooker does not recognize D2. nveinmularia among the Indian 
yams. 
1) . . . - Ly . 
The gado, or spiny yam, is very abundant in Guam. Its vernacular name is iden- 
tical with the Malayan ‘‘gadong’’, applied to D. hirsuta. It is the only species growing 
¢Warburg, Beitriige zur Kenntniss der papuanischen Flora, Engler’s Botanische 
Jahrbicher, Bd. 18, pp. 278, 274, 1891. 
ob See p. 68. 
¢Eneye., vol 3, p. 281, 1789. 
