PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 11 
frey, Cooper, and Lyall. Besides these may be mentioned Mocino, 
who botanized at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, in 1792, and 
Thaddeus Haenke, who was at the same place in 1791. Nootke 
Sound, an important harbor in early times, was also visited by 
Menzies and by Scouler, and consequently is the type locality of 
many northwestern species. 
MENZIES. 
Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) was the surgeon and naturalist 
with Vancouver during his explorations from 1790 to 1795, during 
which time a thorough exploration was made of Puget Sound and 
adjacent waters, and of the Columbia River as far up as the site of 
Fort Vancouver. Previous to this time Menzies had already visited 
the * Northwest Coast” in a trading vessel and had made some col- 
lections. Sets of his plants are at Kew and in the British Museum. 
A very few are in the Gray Herbarium. In descriptions, Menzies’s 
plants are commonly ascribed to the * Northwest Coast,” or to “ New 
Georgia.” A considerable number are definitely known to have been 
collected at Nootka Sound, and it would perhaps be possible to ascer- 
tain the exact source of most of them. 
LEWIS. 
In conjunction with William Clark, Meriwether Lewis (1774- 
1809) made the famous transcontinental exploration in 1804-1806. 
All of his botanical collections that concern Washington plants were 
made on the return trip in 1806, and it has been possible from the 
labels on the specimens and the detailed journals of the expedition to 
determine accurately where each specimen was gathered. Most of 
these which concern Washington plants were collected, or described, 
from Fort Clatsop, near Astoria, Oreg.; at the Cascades, or “ Grand 
Rapids ” of the Columbia; at * Fort Rock Camp,” or The Dalles of 
the Columbia; at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater, opposite the 
present town of Kamiah, Idaho, and at “ Quamash Flats,” now 
Weippe Prairie, Idaho. Lewis’s plants were described by Pursh in 
1814 in Flora Americae Septentrionalis. A nearly complete set of 
his specimens is in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. A few of 
these are Pursh’s actual types, but most of them are duplicates. A 
curious fact pointed out by Coues is that whenever Lewis described a 
plant in detail in his journal he rarely collected a specimen. This is 
notably true of the trees in the vicinity of Fort Clatsop, which Lewis 
described with considerable care. Rafinesque afterwards gave botan- 
ical names to these trees, based wholly on Lewis’s descriptions. 
