PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 43 
black pine (Pinus contorta) disputes the ground with the red fir. 
Until the middle of July these prairies are carpeted with flowers 
(PL X). After this time they present a distinctly arid appearance. 
The flora consists of a considerable number of species which, so 
far as Washington and Oregon are concerned, do not occur else- 
where, though most of them range into California. Among them 
are the following: 
Lupinus lepidus. 
Microseris laciniata. 
Orthocarpus attenuatus, 
Platystigma oreganum. 
Ranunculus orthorhynchus. 
Senecio fastigiata. 
Sericocarpus rigidus, 
Solidago tolmieana, 
Synthyris rotundifolia. 
Trifolium hatlii. 
Trifolium tridentatum. 
Valerianella congesta. 
Viola howellii. 
Arenaria tenella, 
Dodecatheon latifolium. 
Erythronium giganteum, 
Gilia tenella. 
Godetia amoenda. 
Godetia quadrivulnera. 
Grindelia integrifolia. 
Hemizonella durandi, 
Hookera coronata,. 
Hookera pulchella. 
Hosackia gracilis. 
Iris tenaxr. 
Lomatium utriculatum. 
Lupinus albicaulis. 
A much larger number of species, however, recur in the Arid 
Transition area east of the Cascade Mountains. Nearly all of these 
species are limited to the Pacific coast, ranging from California 
northward to British Columbia on both sides of the Cascade Moun- 
tains. Here, as in the case of the Upper Sonoran species of Califor- 
nia origin, there is good reason to believe that most of the species 
reached the Columbia Basin through the Klamath Gap. Character- 
istic examples are the following: 
Agoseris heterophylla. 
Alechemilla occidentalis, 
Alsine nitens, 
Antennaria hoiwellii, 
Athysanus pusillus. 
Balsamorhiza balsamorhiza. 
Balsamorhiza deltoidea. 
Boisduvalia stricta. 
Carum gairdneri. 
Caucalis microcarpa. 
Ceanothus sanguineus. 
Collinsia grandiflora. 
Crocidium multicaule. 
Hriocephalum lanatum. 
Erigeron speciosis. 
Gilia capitata. 
Gilia gracilis, 
Githopsis specularioides. 
Heterocodon rariflorum. 
Heuchera cylindrica. 
Hieracium scouleri. 
Hookera hyacinthina. 
Hosackia decumbens. 
Lomatium nudicaule, 
Lomatium triternatum. 
Micrampelis oregana. 
Navarretia interterta. 
Pectocarya penicillata. 
Pinus ponderosa. 
Polemonium micranthum. 
Prunus demissa, 
Psilocarphus elatior. 
Quercus garryana. 
Sedum douglasii. 
Sidalcea campestris. 
Silene menziesii. 
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum, 
Tellima parviflora. 
Thysanocarpus curvipes. 
Tonella collinsioides. 
Zygadenus venenosus. 
