62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Distribution of characteristic Hudsonian species—Continued. 
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Name of species. elols|s 8/2 5 8 2/4] 2/5/8 
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Ribes howellii.............22..0002.0. cece eee eee (xix. Xx Xxx | vee 
Ribes laxiflorum ..............2......-.....-- XX) X Le eee ee. Jenne wane eee elenee wees 
Ribes lentum.........22. 22.20.0200. c cece eee cece eeee X wee. X lees eee X oles eee 
Rubus lasiococcus................2.2..222 2.02. wee X |X ieee) KX] XX) XK) OM LLL Le le. x 
Rubus nivalis .........22222...0.000 222222222 ee X | OX... Xe ee lee eee eee | Xx . 
Saussurea americana...........2.....0...000- -... Ko... X |X eel, |X eee ee. x . 
Saxifraga mertensiana .....................-- Ox) xl ox | x LI) x TD meen 
Sedum divergens............0......2000--0--- eeeeeeee| Xe KX] OX LX elle cee 
Senecio subnudus ............0222.20-002. cence eee X jl... eee eee X cee X [oeecleee. a ee ee 
Senecio triangularis...............0220200----/0-- x] xj... OX |X lll. X lees cess wees xXx 
Spiraea densiflora ............0...20.02022202222)002. x] xi....) x |x) x | x |x x| x x 
Tofieldia intermedia .......................2. eee) X| XOX X | a ae xX) Xo... 
Trollius laxus ........... nnn X{X) xX wo. lee ee Pee ee eee Xo... 
Tsuga mertensiana......................2.0-- 'x|x)x x.) x|x|x!/x | x {| X |X| Xx X 
Vaccinium deliciosum .....................-- ow Xk] xX LL xX xX Lees es ee 
Vaccinium scoparium................02...022 2s. Jensefewee aoe | x | xX > xX x|]x 2... 2... x | X 
Valeriana sitchensis....................0...00. X)/X |X we. X}| XX) OX Leelee. | x x 
Veratrum viride..............002022022-0-200. OX) X| xX... KX) XL. x | ox Ll X eee 
Xerophyllum tenax............2..0..02002-0- eee (xix X |X... X eee elle. Xo. 
THE ARCTIC ZONE. 
This is sharply marked by the high altitude timber line. As before 
explained, this line extends to a much higher altitude, 700 meters 
or more on Mount Rainier, on the ridges than in the draws between. 
This, in general, is true of all the northwestern mountains. On the 
highest mountain peaks flowering plants extend up to 3,200 meters 
(10,500 feet) altitude. The lower portion of this zone, except 
where there are rock outcroppings, is covered with a dense carpet of 
grasses and flowers. Among the more abundant of the former are 
Festuca viridula, Poa arctica, and Agrostis rossae. Among the more 
conspicuous flowers in the damper places are a buttercup (Ranun- 
culus suksdorfii),a marsh marigold (Caltha leptosepala), and a shoot- 
ing star (Dodecatheon jeffrey). On the drier slopes Pulsatilla occi- 
dentalis raises its curious tasseled heads of akenes; a lupine (Lupinus 
subalpinus) forms great masses of blue; a painted cup (Castilleja 
oreopola) makes mats of dull crimson, and a cinquefoil (Potentilla 
flabellifolia) furnishes an abundance of yellow. Even more con- 
spicuous are the two ‘“ heathers,”’ Phyllodoce empetriformis and 
Cassiope mertensiana, the former with clusters of rose-purple flowers, 
the latter with the clusters pure white. 
Along the rills a beautiful blue gentian (Gentiana calycosa), the 
crimson mimulus (A/imulus lewisii), and the yellow arnicas make 
parti-colored borders. . 
Two small plants, a saxifrage (Savifraga tolmie’) and Lutkea 
pectinata are conspicuous only because they form dense mats. 
