90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Scales of the fruit numerous, alternate; leaf-buds scaly. 
Leaves in clusters. 
Clusters ensheathed at base, containing 2, 3, or 5leaves... Pinus (p. 91). 
Clusters not ensheathed at base, containing many leaves. Larix (p. 92). 
Leaves solitary. 
Cones erect; scales deciduous .....-.....-.....-.-.--- ABIES (p. 93). 
Cones pendent; scales persistent. 
Branchlets smooth; bracts 3-toothed.....-.-.-.--- PsEupoTsuGa (p. 94). - 
Branchlets roughened by the persistent leaf-bases. 
Leaves petioled, not pungent .....-.......... Tsua@a (p. 94). 
Leaves sessile, pungent-pointed ..........---- PicEa (p. 95). 
JUNIPERUS. 
Prostrate alpine shrub; leaves all subulate...... 2.2. ....2...2.. 1. J. communis. 
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves of two forms. 
Leaves very resinous, dark green................-.-.-.4-- 2. J. oceidentalis. 
Leaves not resinous, often glaucous............-.-.-.----- 3. J. scopulorum. 
1. Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896. 
Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. Holz. no. 272. 1787. 
Juniperus communis alpina Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 276. 1812. 
Juniperus communis montana Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 414. 1788. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia. 
Rance: Arctic regions, south in the mountains to California, Colorado, and Maine. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2487; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & 
Leiberg 768; Mount Rainier, Piper 2099; Loomis, Elmer 600; Mount Adams, Henderson, 
August, 1892. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic or rarely lower. 
Common in the mountains at from 900 to 2,100 meters elevation. Hooker refers Tolmie’s 
Mount Rainier specimens to J. communis L., but they belong to the above subspecies. 
2. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1839. WESTERN JUNIPER. 
Type Locauity: ‘‘Common on the higher parts of the Columbia, at the base of the 
Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and a diameter of 2-3 feet.’’ 
Collected by Douglas. 
Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Eltopia, Cotton 1022 in 1903. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 
This is the only known station for the western juniper north of Oregon. The exact place 
is locally known as Ryegrass Coulee or Juniper Canyon, some 30 miles southwest of Kahlo- 
tus and near Fishhook Ferry on Snake River. The junipers occur in scattering groves on 
the floor of the coulee, the largest groves being about 100 acres in extent. None of the 
trees are over 7 meters high. 
3. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897. 
Rocky MountTAiN JUNIPER. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. 
Rance: Vancouver Island eastward to Montana and south in the Rocky Mountains to 
Arizona; also in the Black Hills. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Sucia Island, Randolph, 
October, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1001; Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; near Lake Chelan, 
Lake & Hull 631; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Piper, September, 1896; Peshastin, 
Sandberg & Leiberg 471; without locality, Vasey 58; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2488; 
Ione, Kreager 407; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2116; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1359; Everett, Piper. 
