92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Type Loca.ity: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, about latitude 44°. Collected by Newberry. 
Rance: British Columbia, south in the Cascades and Sierras to San Bernardino County, 
California, eastward to western Montana and to the Blue Mountains. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2095; Smith 1089; Mount Adams, Hender- 
son, August 9, 1892. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 
In Lyall’s report this pine is erroneously referred to as P. flerilis James. 
3. Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; Lawson, Man. Agr. 354.1836. YELLOW PINE. BULL PINE. 
TYPE LocaLity: Washington, on the Spokane River. Collected by Douglas. 
Rance: British Columbia to South Dakota, southward to Texas and New Mexico. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1351, 1356; Steamboat Rock, 
Grand Coulee, McKay 19. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, but occasional in the Upper Sonoran. 
This is the common forest tree of eastern Washington. West of the Cascade Mountains 
it occurs locally on the gravelly prairies, as near Hillhurst. For illustrations of yellow- 
pine forests see Plates XIV and XV, facing pages 49 and 50. 
4. Pinus contorta Doug].; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. #2210, 2211. 1838. 
SHORE PINE. LODGEPOLE PINE, 
Pinus murrayana Balf. in Murray, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon ¢. 3. f. 2. 1853. 
Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, Erythea 2: 176. 1894. 
Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898. 
Type Loca.ity: ‘In North-West America, in swampy ground near the sea coast; and 
‘ abundantly near Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout.’’ Collected by Douglas. 
Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Heller 3946; Mount Rainier, Allen 308; Mount Adams, 
Suksdorf, September 28, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 474; Whited 1356; McAllisters 
Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 29, 1896, and 1259; 
Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper, 
July 31, 1896. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transitional to Canadian. 
This pine is very variable and by some botanists considered to consist of two species. 
The typical P. contorta of Douglas is the scrubby tree so common along the ocean coast 
near the shore. Away from the coast it occurs either in sterile gravelly soil or in sphagnum 
bogs. It is usually a small tree, but occasional examples are met 90 cm. in diameter and 30 
meters or more high. East of the Cascade Mountains it forms the ‘lodgepole pine,’ Pinus 
murrayana of some botanists. This ordinarily forms dense forests, often of considerable 
area, in nearly pure growth, the trees being very uniform in size, 20 or 25 em. in diameter 
and 18 to 22 meters high. But occasional specimens are found 90 cm. in diameter and 45 
meters high. 
If there are any characters by which contorta and murrayana may be distinguished botan- 
ically, they remain to be pointed out. None of the slight differences heretofore relied upon 
are at all constant. 
Some of the earlier botanical writers referred to our tree erroneously as Pinus inops Sol. 
or Pinus banksiana Lamb. 
LARIX. 
Alpine tree; branchlets and bud scales woolly .............-.-.------ 1. L. lyallii. 
Subalpine tree; branchlets and bud scales glabrous..........-.-.-.--- 2. L. occidentalis. 
1. Larix lyallii Parl. Enum. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 259. 1863. WOOLLY LARCH. 
Type Locauity: “Cascade Mountains et Galton Ranges Rocky Mountains, latitudinis 
49° ad 2100 et 2300 m.” Collected by Lyall. 
Rance: Mountains of British Columbia, south to Mount Hood, Oregon, and to the Lolo 
Pass, Idaho. 
