PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 93 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee, July, 1883; Cascade Mountains, lati- 
tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Wenache 
Mountains, Whited 1352. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 
One of our rarest conifers, most plentiful on the Wenache Mountains and northward. 
2. Larix occidentalis Nutt. Sylva 3: 143. ¢. 120. 1849. WESTERN LARCH. 
Typr Locauity: “In the coves of the Rocky Mountains on the western slope toward 
the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall. 
RANGE: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia and Washington eastward to Montana 
and south to the Blue Mountains. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 10, 1892; Mount Adams, 
Suksdorf 212; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, 
August 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, E7mer 812. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian. 
ABIES. 
Cones with conspicuous reflexed bracts. .......-.-.-.-------------+--+-- 1. A. nobilis. 
Cones with the bracts concealed. - 
Leaves notched at apex, usually spreading horizontally on the 
branches; cones green.......--.-----------------+-+--------- 4. A. grandis. 
Leaves not notched at apex, mostly acute, not horizontally spread- 
ing; cones purple. . 
Alpine tree; cones puberulent, 5 to 7 cm. long.......--------- 2. A. lasiocarpa. 
Subalpine tree; cones not puberulent, 7 to 10 cm. long.....---- 3. A. amabilis. 
1. Abies nobilis Lindl. Penn. Cyel. 1: 30. 1833. NOBLE FIR. 
Tyree Ltocauity: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades 
of the Columbia. 
Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 314; Piper in 1889; Mount Baker, John- 
son; Soleduck River, Olympic Mountains, Sargent. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian. 
2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Sylva 3: 138. 1849 ALPINE FIR. 
Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 163. 1842. 
Abies subalpina Engelm. Am. Nat. 10: 555. 1876. 
Tyre Locauity: ‘Interior of N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas. 
Rance: Alaska southward in the mountains to Oregon and Colorado. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Cascade Mountains, lati- 
tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountains, Allen 312; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896; 
Mount Rainier, Piper 2101. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 
The Olympic Mountains form of this species often has exserted bracts to the cones. The 
form on the Blue Mountains has much larger cones than that occurring on Mount Rainier. 
For illustrations of this species see Plate XVII, facing page 60. 
3. Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Pinetum Wob. 125, t. 44. 1889. AMABILIS FIR. 
Picea amabilis Dougl.; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2342. 1838. 
Tyre Locatity: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades 
of the Columbia. 
Rance: British Columbia, south in the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; 
also in the Olympic Mountains. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Mount Rainier, Allen 313; 
Piper in 1888. 
