PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 197 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. 
This species has been confused with both 7’. glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. and 7’. occidentalis 
5. Wats. 
STENANTHIUM. 
1. Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 405, 1873. 
Stenanthella occidentalis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 1900. 
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘In the Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Bourgeau. ‘ 
RanGe: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Montana. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 137; Piper 2226; Cascade Mountains, 
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Clallam County, Elmer 2503; Silverton, Bouck 188a; Goat 
Mountains, Allen 233; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Cape Horn, Howell in 
1877; Piper 4966. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic to Canadian. 
XEROPHYLLUM. 
1. Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. 1: 235, 1818. PINE LILY. 
Helonias tenar Pursh, Fl. 1: 243. 1814. ¢ 
Tyre Loca.iry: “On the high lands near the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis, 
June 25, 1806, on which date he was on Collins [Lolo] Creek, Idaho. 
RanGE: British Columbia to Montana and California. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2505; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 
1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Carlton, A’reager 273. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. 
This plant was formerly much used by the Indians in basketry work. It ranges in 
altitude from near the sea level in Mason County to 6,000 feet on Mount Rainier. On the 
Lolo Trail, where Lewis collected the type, it is exceedingly abundant, often covering 
hundreds of acres. It is also known as bear grass and squaw grass. 
ZYGADENUS. 
Petals 8 to 10 mm. long; gland obcordate ............-------------- 1. Z. elegans. 
Petals 6 to 8 mm. long; gland obovate. 
Inflorescence paniculate; petals acute .._.._-.-...------------- 2. Z. paniculatus. 
Inflorescence racemose; petals obtuse .......-.---------.------- 3. Z. venenosis. 
1. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 241. 1814. 
Tyre Locauity: “On the waters of the Cokahlaishkit River, near the Rocky Moun- 
tains”’ [i. e., Big Blackfoot River, Montana]. Collected by Lewis. 
Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and 
Vermont. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, //ett 109; Wenache Mountains, Whited 718; 
Wenache Region, Brandegee 1112; Loomis, Klmer 597. 
2. Zygadenus paniculatus 8S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 343. 1871. 
Type Locauiry: “Oregon and Washington. Frequent on the foot-hills of the Virginia, 
Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch.” 
RanGe: Washington to Nevada and Montana. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Ellensburg, Whited 354, 
Piper 2671; Ellensburg to Wenas, Whited 276; Wenache Valley, Whited 85, 1054; Falcon 
Valley, Suksdorf 704; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 577, 366; between Coulee City and 
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; without locality, Vasey; Waitsburg, Horner B493. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 
