PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 219 
3. Betula microphylla Bunge, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 606. 1835. 
Betula fontinalis Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31 : 239. 1901. 
Type Locauiry: “Hab. ad Tschujae ripam in deserto curaico,” Siberia. 
Rance: British Columbia to Alberta, south to California and New Mexico. Siberia. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1003; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 790; Spokane, 
Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 76; Pullman, Elmer 882; 
Touchet River, Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896; Almota, Piper 1642, April 20, 1895; 
without locality, Vasey in 1889; ten miles southwest of Pullman, Piper 3808, 3806; Con- 
conully, Griffiths & Cotton 317; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 149; Colville Reservation, 
Griffiths & Cotton 380. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 
The Almota specimens form the basis for the third unnamed species in the Flora of the 
Palouse Region. This is a tall graceful tree with drooping branches, appearing very dif- 
ferent from the ordinary form of B. microphylla, and probably distinct from it. 
ALNUS. ALDER. 
Leaves simply denticulate, not at all lobed... ......-.-.------------- 1. A. rhombifolia. 
Leaves doubly dentate and more or less lobed. 
Peduncles slender, longer than the cones; shrub with shining leaves. 2. A. sinuata. 
Peduncles shorter than the cones; leaves dull. 
Winter buds acute; leaves rusty pubescent on the veins beneath. 3. A. oregona. 
Winter buds obtuse; leaves pubescent but not rusty... -.---- 4. A. tenurfolia. 
1. Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. Sylva 1:33. 1842. 
Type Ltocatity: Monterey, California. 
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 224; Satus Creek, Brandegee 1078; Blue Moun- 
tains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1635, May 2, 1897; September 9, 1896; Wa- 
wawal, Piper ; Elmer 896. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 
2. Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 190. 1897. 
Alnus viridis sinuata Regel in DC. Prod. 267: 183. 1868. 
Type LocaLity: Kamchatka. 
Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. Siberia. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper, 
July 4, 1897; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1341; Olympia, Henderson; Steilacoom, Cooper ; Silverton, 
Bouck 168; Nisqually Valley, Allen 309; Klickitat River, Flett 1347; Chambers Lake, 
Henderson, June 20, April 10, 1892; Nason Creek Sandberg & Leiberg 609; Bridge Creek, 
Elmer 711; Blue Mountains, Piper 2415; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths 
& Cotton 218. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian to Transition. 
A species of wide altitudinal range, most abundant along subalpine streams, but occa- 
sionally occuring at sea level. It is usually a shrub, but sometimes truly arborescent. It 
has been confused with the eastern A. viridis DC. 
3. Alnus oregona Nutt. Sylva 1: 28. 1842. RED ALDER. 
Alnus rubra Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 162. 1837, not Betula-alnus rubra 
Marsh. 1785. 
Type Locairy: “In our progress to the west we first observed this tree on the borders 
of the Rivers Boisee and Brulee, which pass into the Shoshonee not far from Walla Walla, 
and at intervals it continues more or less common to Point Chinook, near the shores of the 
Pacific.” Nuttall has here confused two species, as A, oregona occurrs only west of the 
Cascade Mountains. 
Rance: Alaska to middle California in the coast region. 
