PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 333 
3. Rubus nivalis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 181. 1833. 
Type Locairy: ‘On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by 
Douglas. 
Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 78; Mashel Mountain, Piper 710; 
Silverton, Bouck 57a; Alma, Piper 1995; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 
This species is abundant in deep forests near the base of Mount Rainier. In such places, 
however, it never blooms. fertile plants must be sought either in recent burns or on 
rocky outcroppings. The flowers are dull purplish in color. 
4. Rubus macropetalus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 178. 1833. DEWBERRY. 
Type Loca.ity: ‘In the valley of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Douglas. 
RanGE: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, £/mer 2530; Montesano, Heller 3887; Hoquiam, 
Lamb 1017; Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 79; De Fuca 
Straits, Cooper; Silverton, Bouck 58; Lakeview, Henderson, July, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 1; 
McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson; Skokomish Valley, 
Kincaid, May, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 649; without locality, Vasey in 
1889; Roslyn, Whited 408. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 
This species is very close to R. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. of California, but it seems 
distinct. It never has unifoliolate leaves, which are so commonly produced in the latter. 
The plant referred by Cooper to R. trivialis Michx. is probably R. macropetalus, but we have 
been unable to find the specimen. 
5. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. 1: 308. 1818. THIMBLE BERRY. 
Rubus nutkanus Mo¢.; DC. Prod. 2: 566. 1825. 
Rubus velutinus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832. 
Type cocatity: ‘Island of Michilimackinack, Lake Huron.”’ 
RanGe: Alaska to California, New Mexico, and Lake Superior. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2518; Seattle, Piper 66; Tacoma, Flett 
13; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1758; Muckleshoot, Doctor Ruhn; Silverton, Bouck 53; Skoko- 
mish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 25; Peshastin, Sandberg & 
Leiberg 542; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1758; Tieton River, Cotton 455; Roslyn, Whited 400; 
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kamiak Butte, //mer 804; Piper, July 20, 1899; Skagit 
Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 502; Clarks Springs, 
Kreager 38. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 
6. Rubus spectabilis Pursh, F]. 1: 348. 1814. SALMON BERRY. 
Typr Locauity: “On the banks of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Lewis, the exact 
locality very near Deer Island. 
Range: Alaska to northern California and north Idaho. In Washington it ascends to 
1,600 feet altitude. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2513; Port Ludlow, Binns, April 10, 
1889; Roy, Allen 97; Silverton, Bouck 56; Seattle, Piper 67; Tacoma, Flett 110; Wood- 
lawn, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 26; Stampede Tunnel, Hen- 
derson, June, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 503; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 726; 
without locality, Vasey in 1889. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 
Two forms of this species occur, one with claret-colored or nearly black fruit, the other 
with yellow fruit, the latter being the better flavored. The former may be distinguished 
even in flower by the purple color of its twigs. 
