PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 393 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2794; Olympic Mountains, Piper, 
August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 1017; Tacoma, 
Flett 88; Nisqually Valley, Allen 57; Westport, Lamb 1097; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 
July 12, 1886; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878: Silverton, Bouck 25; Wenache Moun- 
tains, Elmer 442; Mount Rainier, Flett 2178. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian. 
6. Viola sempervirens Greene, Pittonia 4: 8. 1899. 
Viola sarmentosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 80. 1830, not Bieb. 1808-1819, 
Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Near Fort Vancouver and in the high grounds of Lewis and Clarks 
River, N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas. 
Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3888; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Silverton, 
Bouck 25; Whidby Island, Piper, April, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 56; without 
locality, Henderson, May, 1892; Walla Wa'la, Nuttall. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 
7. Viola orbiculata Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. 6:73. 1847. 
Viola sarmentosa orbiculata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 199. 1895. 
Type Locauity: Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho. Collected by Geyer. 
Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 60; Usk, Kreager 369. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 
8. Viola nuttallii Pursh, Fl. 1: 174. 1814. 
Viola linguaefolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 141. 1838. 
Type Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missouri.” 
Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 248; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; 
without locality, Cooper; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 
1861; Roy, Allen, May 6, 1889; Waterville, Whited 1216; Pullman, Hull 418; Spangle, 
Suksdorf 248. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 
A very variable species and possibly, as here eccepted, a complex of several. More field 
study and abundant specimens are necessary to clear up this matter. 
8a. Viola nuttallii praemorsa (Dougl.). 
Viola praemorsa Dougl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1254. 1829. 
Tyre Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Columbia, and the plains of the River Aguilar, 
in California.” Collected by Douglas. 
Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 30; Tacoma, Flett 17. 
8b. Viola nuttallii major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 79. 1830. 
Viola glareosa Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym. 
Viola flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 405. 1897. 
Tyre Locatity: ‘‘Abundant under the shade of pines on the dry sandy plains of the 
Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 58; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 47; 
near Almota, Piper 1715; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897. 
9. Viola venosa (S. Wats.). 
Viola aurea venosa 8. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 56. 1876. 
Viola nuttallii venosa S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 35. 1871. 
Viola praemorsa venosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 200. 1895. 
Type Locatiry: ‘‘In the mountains from the West Humboldt to the Wahsatch, usually 
near the snow line.”’ 
