PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 553 
Pappus never capillary. 
Receptacle chaffy........--.-----.------------- HELIANTHEAE. 
Receptacle not chaffy............--------------- HELENIEAE. 
Pappus capillary............-.-.-.----------------- SENECIONEAE. 
Involucre scarious, pappus not capillary........-.-..----.- ANTHEMIDEAE. 
Anthers caudate at base; style-branches neither truncate nor appendaged ; 
heads not radiate. 
Receptacle not bristly; corollas not deeply cleft.........-.---.----- INULEAE. 
Receptacle long bristly; corollas deeply cleft........---.----------- CYNAREAE. 
EUPATORIEAE. 
Akenes 5-angled ..-.-.-...-------------------------++-- Euparorium (p. 555). 
Akenes 10-ribbed ..-...---.-.-----------------------+---- CoLEOSANTHUS (p. 556). 
ASTEREAE. 
Pappus of 2 to 8 rigid awns; heads large, gummy......--.- GRINDELIA (p. 556). 
Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. 
Rays yellow (sometimes wanting). 
Pappus double, the outer very short.....-..------ Curysopsis (p. 557). 
Pappus simple. 
Heads rayless, small, clustered .....-.------- CHRYSOTHAMNUS (p. 558). 
Heads radiate or if rayless, large. 
Pappus bristles unequal; heads mostly few 
and large. 
Style branches setaceous-tipped . .- . - ERICAMERIA (p. 559). 
Style branches not setaceous-tipped .. HooreBekia (p. 559). 
Pappus bristles equal; heads small, clus- 
tered. 
Panicle thyrsoid; receptacle alveolate.. SOLIDAGO (p. 561). 
Panicle flat-topped; receptacle fimbril- 
late... 22222 EurHaMia (p. 563). 
Rays white, purple, or blue (vellow in a few Erigerons), 
rarely wanting. 
Pappus a single series of coarse, rigid bristles... --- TOWNSENDIA (p. 563). 
Pappus of numerous soft bristles. 
Bracts of the involucre in’ many series, their 
tips spreading.........-----.------------- MACHAERANTHERA (p. 979). 
Bracts of the involucre in few (1 to 5) series, 
their tips mostly erect. 
Involucral bracts in one or two series, nar- 
row; rays usually narrow and numerous ~ ERIGERON (p. 563). 
Involucral bracts in two to five series; 
rays broader, less numerous. 
Involucre narrow, with rigid bracts; 
rays white, few ........-.--------- SERICOCARPUS (p. 569). 
Involucre turbinate or hemispheric. 
Stems scape-like .........-.-.-.. OreastruM (p. 569). 
Stems leafy. 
Seales of the involucre dry 
and  chartaceous, closely 
appressed... ......------- EucePHa.us (p. 569). 
Seales of the involucre more 
or less herbaceous and 
spreading. ......-.-.-..--- ASTER (p. 570). 
