46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
wanting, at least in the later stages of the life cycle, The forms that are devoid of the 
algal cells during more or less of the life period are frequently referred to other fungi, 
asare also forms of Opegrapha and certain parasitic species from other genera. The 
stipe is commonly well developed and is dark in color and quite slender, The algal 
symbiont is Cystococcus, 
The apothecia are variously top-shaped, lentiform, or subspherical, and are borne 
at the top of the well-developed stipes. The exciple is dark in colorand frequently, 
in the early development of the apothecium, almost incloses the then punctiform disk, 
when the apothecium forms essentially a perithecium. The disk is quite commonly 
more or less convex until after the spore masses are shed, when it usually becomes flat 
or even concave, The paraphyses are usually much branched and without apical 
color or thickening. Both simple and 2-celled spores occur in the genus, and even 
4-celled and muriform spores are admitted by Tuckerman. In color the spores vary 
from a pale brown toa blackish brown. 
The close relationship of Calicium to Chaenotheca and Coniocybe is apparent 
enough, and the present genus is also closely related to Acolium. 
Seven species and subspecies occur in the State. On trees and old wood. 
Type species Calicium viride Pers. loc. cit. 
1 KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Parasitic on other lichens or on fungi; no thallus visible. 
Stipes very short and stout; on Pertusaria communis....... 6. C. turbinatum, 
Stipes longer and more slender than the last; on Coriolus 
VeErsiCOlOr.. 22... eee eee 7. C. polyporaeum. 
Not parasitic on lichens or other fungi; thallus visible, whitish, 
often evanescent. 
Stipes slender. 
Apothecia top-shaped or lenticular...............-.... 1. C. parietinum. 
Apothecia usually subglobose..............-...------- 5. C. pusillum. 
Stipes stouter. 
Stipes very short..........-.....-.--..---.------------ 4. C. curtum. 
Stipes not so short. 
Disk often and the exciple usually white-pruinose. 3. C. quercinum. 
Disk and exciple not pruinose..................-. 2. C. trachelinum, 
1. Calicium parietinum Ach. Vet. Akad. Hand1l. 1816: 260. 1816. 
Thallus very rudimentary, evanescent, when present indicated by whitish patches 
upon or in the substratum; stipes dark brown to black in color, 0.7 to 2mm. in length; 
apothecia small or minute, 0.1 to 0.35 mm. across, top-shaped or lenticular, or in 
younger stages subspherical, the disk finally becoming convex, or flat with the dis- 
persion of the spores, dark brown, the exciple dark brown and frequently ashy-pruinose 
below; hypothecium dark brown; hymenium pale below and brownish above; 
paraphyses frequently branched; asci cylindrical; spores simple, ellipsoid, pale 
blackish brown, 6 to 11 » long and 3 to 6 » wide. 
Occurring throughout the State. On dead wood at some distance above the damp 
ground, 
Distributed throughout North America, Known also in Europe. 
2. Calicium trachelinum Ach. Lich. Univ. 237. 1810. 
Calicium claviculare trachelinum Ach. Meth, Lich. 91. 1803. 
Thallus ashy, thin, and granulose, commonly evanescent; stipes black or brownish 
black, rather longer and stouter than in the last; apothecia also rather larger than in 
the last, top-shaped or subglobose at maturity, the disk becoming brown and strongly 
convex before the spores are dispersed, the exciple dark in section and microscop- 
