48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
6. Calicium turbinatum Pers. Tent. Disp. Fung. 59. 1797. 
Parasitic and no thallus distinguishable except that of the host; stipes very short, 
stout and black, the apothecia being often almost or perhaps rarely quite sessile upon 
the thallus of the host; apothecia small, 0.2 to 0.4 mm, in diameter, at maturity 
globose top-shaped, the disk in the mature and open apothecia flat and dull black, 
the exciple black, often with a lighter margin; hypothecium dark brown or brownish 
black; hymenium pale below and brown above; paraphyses simple or branched, 
commonly distinct; spores brown or blackish brown, simple, subglobose or rarely 
short-ellipsoid, 4 to 7” in diameter, 
Throughout the cedar swamp areas of northern Minnesota. On Pertusariacommunis 
on cedars in swamps. 
Elsewhere in North America at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and in Canada, Alaska, 
and Newfoundland. Also in Europe and Africa. 
7. Calicium polyporaeum Ny]. Flora 58: 7. 1875. PuaTeE 1, A. 
Parasitic and no thallus distinguishable, at least in material examined; stipes and 
apothecia very similar to those of Calicium parietinum, but the present plant as a 
whole rather smaller, with the apothecia rather more narrowly top-shaped and the 
disk more commonly flat; hypothecium brown; hymenium pale below and brownish 
to dark brown above; paraphyses frequently branched; asci cylindrical; spores 
simple, brown, oblong-cylindrical, 9 to 18 » long and 3 to 4.5 jewide. Nylander says, 
‘“Sporae magis cylindraceo-oblongae quam in C. parietino, quo charactere constante 
C. polyporaeum sit distinguendum.”’ 
Occurring throughout the northern one-third of the State. On Coriolus versicolor 
and closely related fungi. 
A North American plant known elsewhere at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and in 
a few localities in Iowa. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.—A, Plants of Calicium polyporacum on Coriolus versicolor. Apothecia 
on stipes. B, Plants of Opegrapha varia on white cedar, showing the apothecia and the whitish color- 
ation due to the thallus. A enlarged 3 diameters; B, 1] diameters. 
CHAENOTHECA Th. Fr. Gen. Het. Eur. 102. 1861. 
The thallus is as a whole much better developed than in Calicium, and is quite 
conspicuous and more like that of the species of Acolium, at least in most of our species. 
In one of ours in which the stipe is quite short the external resemblance between the 
two genera becomes quite marked. In the better developed species the thallus 
becomes a scattered or subcontinuous verrucose or even subareolate crust. In others 
it is granular or mealy. The algal symbiont is as usual in the family. The stipe is 
quite similar to that of the species of Calicium, 
The apothecia are very similar to those of Caliciums, but the spores are uniformly 
simple and spherical or subspherical. They are brown or brownish. 
The relationships have been sufficiently discussed above and in the descriptions 
of other genera of the family. The species were included with Calicium in the pre- 
_ liminary reports. 
Eight species and subspecies are known in Minnesota, all occurring on living or 
dead coniferous wood in the northern portion of the State. 
Type species Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turn.) Th. Fr. loc. cit. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Thallus lemon-yellow to yellowish green. 
Stipes rather short ................... 02.00.00. 1. C. chrysocephala. 
Stipes longer and pruinose ..................... la. €. chrysocephala filaris. 
