FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 49 
Thallus ashy to ashy greenish or ashy yellow. 
Thallus well developed, plainly granular. 
Granules squamiform...........-- Leese C. phaeocephala, 
Granules smaller, not so plainly squamiform. Leese 3. C. trichialis. 
Thallus not well dev eloped, rarely granular. 
Thallus frequently disappearing. 
to 
Thallus evanescent and seldom seen......-..-. 4. C. brunneola. 
Thallus not so readily disappearing..........-- 2a. C. phaeocephala tra- 
binella, 
Thallus seldom or never disappearing. 
Thallus thin and seurfy. weeeeeeeees ee... Sa. C. trichialis stemonea. 
Thallus better developed and ‘eranulose Leese 3b. C. trichialis cinerea. 
1. Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turn.) Th. Fr. Gen. Het. Eur. 102. 1861. 
Lichen chrysocephalus Turn. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 7: 88. pl. 8. f. 1. 1804, 
Thallus lemon-yellow or yellowish green, granulose or verrucose, the granules 
or verruce varying from conglomerate to scattered; stipes rather short, 0.35 to 1.2 
mm. in length, black or dark brown, sometimes slightly greenish-pruinose, longer 
in some other North American material; apothecia minute, 0.1 to 0.25 mm. across, 
top-shaped or younger conditions spheroidal, at} maturity the disk dark brown 
and flat or slightly convex, the exciple blackish brown, and yellowish or greenish- 
pruinose below as is often the top of young and spheroidal apothecia; hypothecium 
dark brown; hymenium pale to pale brownish; paraphyses often more or less coherent, 
simple and neither thickened nor colored toward the apex; asci cylindrical; spores 
more or less brown, 3 to 6 » in diameter. 
Distributed throughout the pineries of northern Minnesota. On living and dead 
coniferous wood, especially pine wood and bark. 
Elsewhere in North America at New Bedford, Massachusetts. Known also in 
Europe. 
Calicium chrysocephalum of the preliminary reports. 
la. Chaenotheca chrysocephala filaris (Ach.) Fink. 
Calicium chrysocephalum filare Ach. Lich, Univ. 239. 1810. 
Thallus scattered and granular, yellowish; both stipe and apothecium rather elon- 
gated and slightly pruinose. 
Collected at Tofte. On dead wood. 
Not known elsewhere in North America. Found also in Europe. 
Calicium chrysocephalum filare of the preliminary reports. 
2. Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turn.) Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Soe. Sei. Ups. TT. 3: 351. 
1861. 
Lichen phaeocephalus Turn. Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond. 8: 260. pl. 6. f. 7. 1807. 
Thallus ashy or dirty-yellow, frequently quite thick, composed of small scattered 
or clustered squamiform granules, which may even show more or less crenate margins; 
stipes longer than in the last, 0.4 to 2.5 mm. in length, black or brownish black, rarely 
paler or quite pale toward the base, sometimes thinly and yellowish green pruinose, 
especially toward the top; apothecia somewhat larger than in the last, reaching 0.3 
mm. in diameter, the form of young and mature ones also as in the last, the disk at 
maturity convex and dark brown, the exciple dark brown and yellowish green-prui- 
nose or becoming naked with age; hypothecium dark brown; hymenium pale below 
and brownish above; paraphyses simple or branched, without apical color or thicken- 
ing; asci cylindrical; spores brown or brownish, spherical or spheroidal, 3 to 5 j in 
diameter or one dimension reaching 6 yp. 
