FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 63 
The relationship of the present genus is quite as obscure as that of Gyalecta, but 
after Gyalecta the genus is doubtless most closely related to Bilimbia. 
Two species have been met in the State. On trees. 
Type species Secoliga cupularis (Ehrh.) Norm. loc. cit. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
On trees; exciple entire. ..........-.-.2...- 2 eee eee eee eee eee 1. 8. fagicola, 
On rocks; exciple radiately striate .............--.-.-------2---2-55- 2. S. cupularis. 
1. Secoliga fagicola Hepp.; Koerb. Par. Lich. 112. 1865. 
Thallus very thin and somewhat chinky or scaly-roughened, pale greenish or 
becoming brownish, irregularly spread over the substratum as a continuous or more 
or less broken layer, or sometimes disappearing; apothecia very minute, 0.15 to 0.3 
mm. in diameter, sessile, the disk commonly concave and flesh-colored, or becoming 
rusty-red and blackening, the proper exciple entire and of the same color as the disk 
(no evidence of a thalloid exciple seen); hypothecium and hymenium pale, or the 
latter sometimes darker above; paraphyses slender and commonly simple; asci 
clavate; spores fusiform or pointed-fusiform, 4 to 10-celled, 15 to 40 » long and 3 to 6 
wide, 8 to 20 in each ascus. - 
Collected along the shores of Snowbank Lake. On trees. 
Elsewhere in North America in Massachusetts. Known also in Europe. 
Gyalecta fagicola of the preliminary reports. 
2. Secoliga cupularis (Ehrh.) Norm. Nyt. Mag. Naturv. 7: 230. pl. 1.f. 10 ¢. 1853. 
Lichen cupularis Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4: 45. 1789. 
Thallus thin, somewhat scurfy or smoother and chinky, greenish ash-colored or 
becoming darker, irregularly and widely spread over the substratum as a continuous 
or more or less broken layer; apothecia small or minute, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. in diameter, 
adnate or rarely sessile, urceolate or more open and shallower, the disk brick-red or 
paler, the proper exciple whitish and radiately striate or becoming smooth; hymenium 
and hypothecium pale; paraphyses distinct, simple and pale throughout; asci 
cylindrical or cylindrico-clavate; spores ellipsoid, muriformly several-celled, 13 to 
17 » long and 6 to 9 » wide, 8 in each ascus. 
On shaded rocks at Pork Bay. Not previously reported from Minnesota. 
Elsewhere in North America from several States bordering on the Atlantic. Known 
also in Europe and New Zealand. 
CONOTREMA Tuck. Syn. Lich. N. E. 86. 1848. 
PLATE 3. 
The crustose thallus is quite rudimentary in structure and without distinct layers. 
There is, however, a greater or less development of superficial hyphz running for the 
most part in a horizontal direction and forming a protective and poorly pseudocortical 
layer. The structure is mostly epiphleeodal, strictly crustose, thin, smooth or some- 
what roughened. Cystococcus is the algal symbiont. Hyphal rhizoids form the 
attaching organs. 
The apothecia are small and more or less immersed in the thallus and partly 
hypophleeodal. However, the thallus partly disappears with age and the larger 
apothecia appear to be sessile. There is a dark proper exciple and in the early develop- 
ment, at least, this is surrounded by a thin thalloid one. The hypothecium and the 
hymenium are pale. The asci are cylindrical. The spores are also cylindrical, many- 
celled, and hyaline. The paraphyses are commonly branched toward the apex. 
The genus is represented by a single species and its relationships are by no means 
certain. The so-called apothecium is perhaps as nearly a perithecium. It is deeply 
