70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
1. Lecidea coarctata (J. E. Smith) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 21: 358. 1856. 
Lichen coarctatus J. E. Smith in Sowerby, Engl. Bot. 8: pl. 534. 1799. 
Thallus composed of minute, scattered or clustered, rounded, angular or minutely 
and irregularly crenate, sea-green, brownish, or more commonly ashy, sometimes squa- 
maceous areoles 0,3 to 0.5 mm. in diameter, sometimes even passing into an areolate or 
subcontinuous and chinky crust; apothecia adnate, minute or small, 0.2 to0.4 mm. in 
diameter, the disk commonly concave or flat and frequently difform, from pale flesh- 
color to black, sometimes having more or less of a thalloid exciple, or more commonly 
this disappearing and the structure becoming truly biatoroid; hypothecium pale to 
brownish; hymenium pale to yellowish or brownish; paraphyses slender, frequently 
branched, commonly thickened and darker toward the apex; asci clavate; spores ellip- 
soid or ovoid, 13 to 23 » long and 7 to 10 ” wide. 
On account of the sometimes present thalloid exciple the plant has often been 
referred to Lecanora, but its affinities on the whole are rather with the present genus, 
The plant is quite variable. 
Collected at such remotely separate localities as Beaver Bay and Mankato and no 
doubt widely distributed in the State. On sandstone and igneous rocks. The plants 
from Mankato show the thalloid accessory exciple fairly well. 
The plant is widely distributed in North America. Known in all of the grand 
divisions except Australia. 
Biatora coarctata of the preliminary reports. 
"2. Lecidea brujeriana (Schaer.) Leight. Brit. Lich. 281. 1871. 
Lecanora coarctata brujeriana Schaer. Enum. Lich. Eur, 77. 1850. 
Thallus composed of minute verrucee or granules or sometimes of larger areoles, 
scattered or clustered in a continuous or areolate crust, this quite thick and 
prominent or thin and finally disappearing, the color much as in the last, the struc- 
ture on the whole coarser; apothecia adnate, becoming larger than in the last and 
in some forms here admitted even reaching | millimeter in diameter, concave, flat or 
convex, frequently clustered, the disk usually black, frequently bordered by a 
stout biatoroid exciple of the same color, but never with a thalloid exciple; 
hypothecium and hymenium more or less brownish; paraphyses simple or branched, 
enlarged and dark toward the tips; asci clavate, the apical wall thickened; spores 
ovoid-ellipsoid, 12 to 21 long and 6 to 10” wide. Regarded by Tuckerman asa 
subspecies of the last, but quite distinct. 
Our plant as reported from Taylors Falls seems nearer the last, nor is our material 
from the only other known Minnesota locality, Mankato, as well defined as the rather 
smaller plant collected at La Crosse, Wisconsin, by L. HW. Pammel, Both the last and 
all the Minnesota material on sandstone. 
Tuckerman reports the species from sandstone in South Carolina. Known also in 
Europe. 
Biatora coarctata brujeriana of the preliminary reports. 
3. Lecidea granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 65. 1803. Puate 5, A 
Verrucaria granulosa Hoffm. Descr. Pl. Crypt. 2: 21. pl. 30, f. 38.1794. 
Thallus composed of hemispherical or irregular and sublobate, commonly densely 
aggregated and subimbricate, ashy or sea-green smooth granules, these 0.2 to 0.5 
mm. in diameter, frequently bursting into greenish sorediate heaps, for the most part 
widely spread over the substratum with clusters of apothecia here and there; the whole 
structure verrucose and, in the better developed conditions, more or less of a pseudo- 
cortex of gelatinized hyphe to be made out above, the thallus being thus more highly 
developed than in any other of our members of the genus; apothecia reaching middle 
size, 0.3 to 1.5 or even 2 mm. in diameter, adnate, from flesh-colored to olivaceous and 
black, with an elevated and frequently lighter-colored margin, this commonly dis- 
appearing, leaving the disk convex and the apothecia as a whole irregular and fre- 
