FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 71 
quently conglomerate; hypothecium pale brown, hymenium pale brownish or darker 
above; paraphyses rarely branched or enlarged toward the apex, frequently more or 
less gelatinized and coherent; asci cylindrico-clavate; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 9 to 16 » 
long and 4.5 to7 » wide. 
The plant has been collected only on Blueberry Island in Lake of the Woods, at 
Koochiching and at Grand Marais, but doubtless occurs in southern Minnesota as it 
has been collected at McGreggor, in Iowa, a short distance from the Minnesota line. 
On earth and on cedars in swamps. 
Widely distributed in the northern United States, especially in mountains, and 
northward to arctic America. Known also in Europe. 
Biatora granulosa of the preliminary reports. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.—A, Plants of Lecidea granulosa on earth, showing the conspicuous apothecia 
aua the granulose thallus. B, Plants of Bacidia rubella on smooth. bark, showing the apothecia. A and B 
Culuged about 1{ diameters. 
4. Lecidea flexuosa (Ir.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 21: 356. 1856. 
Biatora flecuosa Fr. Vet. Akad. Hand], 1822: 267. 1822. 
Thallus composed of rather flattened or rugose granules, these smaller than those 
of the last, scattered or clustered and not infrequently forming an areolate crust, spread- 
ing widely over the substratum, sea-green varying to ashy, sometimes bursting into 
sorediate heaps; apothecia adnate, small or minute, 0.2 to 0.4 mm, in diameter, the 
thin livid or darker margin becoming very flexuous, the disk black and flat; hypothe- 
cium brown or brownish, the exciple commonly darker in section; hymenium pale 
brownish; paraphyses commonly simple, but somewhat gelatinized and indistinct in 
the material examined; asci cylindrico-clavate; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 7 to 10 # long 
and 3 to5 » wide. 
Collected at Granite Falls and at Harding, the material from the latter place being 
especially fine. On old wood. 
Throughout the eastern United States and northward to Newfoundland. Known 
also in Europe and Africa. 
Biatora flexruosa of the preliminary reports. 
5. Lecidea viridescens (Schrad.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 62. 1803. 
Lichen viridescens Schrad. Spic. Fl. Germ. 88. 1794. 
Thallus composed of very minute, smooth or deliquescent and powdery granules, 
these 0.1 to 0.2 mm. in diameter and frequently widely spread over the substratum in 
a thin layer, ashy to greenish; apothecia frequently clustered and conglomerate, 
adnate, in ours small or minute, 0.2 to 0.4 mm, in diameter; margin of exciple of same 
color as in the last, but thinner and disappearing early as the black disk becomes con- 
vex; hypothecium pale brownish or brown; hymenium brownish or purplish; para- 
physes rarely branched, thickened and darker toward the apex; asci clavate; spores 
oblong or ovoid, 9 to 13 » long and 4 to 5.5 » wide. 
Collected in the Misquah Hills and at Bemidji. On old wood. Doubtless to be 
found at other places in the northern portion of the State. 
Known elsewhere in North America in New Jersey, New England, Alaska, and on 
Cape Breton Island. Found also in Europe. 
Biatora viridescens of the preliminary reports. 
6. Lecidea mutabilis Fée, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Strasb. 2: 105, 1835, 
Thallus composed of small, closely contiguous granules, usually running together 
into a continuous and more or less chinky ashy-gray crust, in ours rather thin and 
covering somewhat rounded areas of substratum from 10 to 35 mm. in diameter, the 
chinky crust possibly sometimes becoming subareolate; apothecia small, or in ours 
even minute, 0.2 to 0.5 mm. in diameter, adnate, the disk flat or becoming convex, 
