FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 73 
9. Lecidea carnulenta (Tuck.) Fink. 
Biatora carnulenta Tuck. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 179. 1877. 
Thallus rudimentary or entirely disappearing; when present consisting of a very 
thin and usually scattered crust, this commonly sea-green to brownish in color and 
so inconspicuous as to appear only under a lens; apothecia small or minute, 0.2 to 
0.6 mm. in diameter, flattish to convex, the disk pale flesh-colored and darkening, 
the exciple darker or disappearing, the disk sometimes faintly pruinose; hypothecium 
pale to pale-brownish; hymenium of the same color or darker above; paraphyses 
slender, simple or branched, sometimes enlarged and brownish toward the apex; 
asci clavate; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 7 to 12 ” long and 3 to 5.5 » wide. 
Ours on the whole seems somewhat better developed than Tuckerman’s plant and 
appears to have the apothecia rather darker externally and internally. 
A single collection was made at Warroad. On dead wood. The plant has been 
collected in northern Iowa and no doubt exists in other portions of Minnesota, but it 
is scarcely noticeable except under a lens and is usually overlooked. 
A North American lichen, previously known from New England, New York, Illinois, 
and Iowa. 
Biatora carnulenta of the preliminary reports. 
10. Lecidea turgidula Fr. Sched. Crit. Lich. Exsice. Suec. 1: 10. 1827. 
Thallus composed of minute, commonly more or less scattered, whitish to sea-green, 
irregular and commonly inconspicuous granules, these running together into a sub- 
continuous or subareolate and very thin crust or sometimes entirely disappearing; . 
apothecia small to minute, 0.2 to 0.8 mm. in diameter, flattish to strongly convex, 
the exciple commonly absent, the disk from pale brownish to black, sometimes more 
or less white-pruinose; hypothecium brown; hymenium pale brownish; paraphyses 
simple or branched, slightly enlarged and brownish toward the apex; asci clavate; 
spores oblong to ellipsoid, 6 to 12 » long and 3 to 5.5 » wide. 
Distributed throughout the northern portion of the State, apparently more common 
westward. On dead wood. Our Minnesota forms of the last two above seem very 
closely related, but both exist in the State, sometimes confusingly similar, Through- 
out northern United States and northward to arctic America. Known also in Europe 
and Asia. 
Biatora turgidula of the preliminary reports. 
11. Lecidea panaeola Ach. Lich. Univ. 201. 1810. 
Thallus composed of minute, somewhat raised and irregular, scattered or contiguous, 
ashy-gray granules, these frequently running together into a verrucose or areolate crust 
of moderate thickness and often widely spread over the substratum, the areoles or 
verruce 0.15 to 0.3 mm. in diameter; apothecia rather small, 0.3 to | mm. in diameter, 
adnate or somewhat immersed, dark brown to black, almost constantly the latter in 
ours, the exciple of the same color in ours, the disk flat or rarely somewhat convex; 
hypothecium pale or pale brownish; hymenium pale below and darkened above; 
paraphyses simple or rarely branched, frequently somewhat colored and thickened 
toward the apex; asci clavate; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 11 to 16 » long and 6 to 8.5 4 
wide. 
Biatora leucophaea is the synonym under which the plant was recorded in the pre- 
liminary survey, where also a subspecies was recorded from Grand Portage, which 
evidently belongs elsewhere, though indeterminable from the material at hand. The 
spores are rather large in our plant and the apothecia internally and externally inclined 
to darker conditions. 
7920—10——6 
