FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 75 
14. Lecidea varians Ach. Syn. Meth. Lich. 38. 1814. Ficure 10, 
Thallus composed of very minute, irregular, raised or more or less flattened, pale 
yellowish or greenish granules, these running together to form a continuous, com- 
monly thin, smooth or more or less granulate-rugose and often chinky crust, this more 
commonly somewhat orbicular and 7 to 20 mm. in diameter, usually bordered and 
sometimes decussate by black lines (the so-called hypothallus); apothecia adnate, 
very minute, 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter, commonly flat, with a thin exciple, which 
soon disappears, the apothecia then becoming convex, often clustered and conglome- 
rate, from pale yellowish varying to brown and finally black, said to be rarely white- 
pruinose; hypothecium pale or yellowish; hymenium pale below and frequently 
brownish or pale blue-violet above; paraphyses simple, the apex commonly enlarged 
and partaking of the color of the upper hymenium; asci clavate; spores ovoid-ellip- 
soid, 7 to 15 » long and 5 to 7.5 » wide. 
Generally distributed over the State, but easily overlooked. On trees and old 
wood. <A very variable plant. 
Generally diffused over North America. 
Biatora varians of the preliminary reports. 
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Known also in Europe and Africa, 
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27% (pa Oa 
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Fic. 10.—Lecidea varians, showing at the right a section of the rudimentary thallus and at the 
left a section of a portion of anapothecium. a, The hymenium; 5, ec, the hypothecium, d, the 
algal layer below the apothecium. Enlarged 300 diameters. From Schneider. 
15. Lecidea quernea (Dicks.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 62, 1808. 
Lichen querneus Dicks. Pl. Crypt. Brit. 1:9. pl. 2. f. 3. 1789. 
Thallus composed of small, usually more or less scattered, greenish, ycllowish, or 
brownish granules, sometimes running together to forma thin, chinky crust, more or less 
widely spread over the substratum; apothecia adnate or immersed, small or minute, 0.3 
to Lt mm. in diameter, commonly convex and becoming irregular in form, brown to black 
in color or slightly whitish-pruinose in some of ours, the exciple evanescent; hypo- 
thecium pale or brownish; hymenium pale; paraphyses more or less gelatinized and 
coherent-indistinct; asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 6 to 
11 » long and 4 to 7 » wide. 
Collected along the northern boundary at Warroad and at Rainy Lake City. On 
dead wood. 
Elsewhere in North America in California. 
Biatora quernea of the preliminary reports. 
Known also in Europe. 
