FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 17 
a 
Elsewhere in North America in California and several localities in British America, 
extending northward to arctic America. Known also in Europe and New Zealand. 
19a. Lecidea lapicida oxydata Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 2: 70. 1888. 
Thallus becoming rust-red. 
The plant was collected at Grand Portage. On rocks. 
Elsewhere in North America in California. Known also in Europe. 
20. Lecidea cyanea (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand, 2:489. 1874. 
Lecidea lapicida cyanea Ach. Meth. Lich. 38. 1803. 
Thallus more or less roughened, chinky-areolate, sea-green, varying toward ashy, 
occurring in rounded areas or more widely and irregularly spread over the substratum, 
the verruce about 0.5 to 1.25 mm. across; apothecia often reaching middle size, in 
ours only 0.3 to 0.6 mm, in diameter, adnate and more commonly immersed, the disk 
black and flat, the exciple black and persistent; hypothecium pale or finally pale 
brownish; hymenium pale; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, commonly en- 
larged and darker toward the apex; asci clavate; spores ellipsoid, 8 to 12 « long and 
4 to7 » wide. 
Collected at Pipestone; not previously reported from Minnesota. On pipestone. 
Elsewhere in North America from New England, Florida, Nebraska, South Dakota, 
Oregon, California, and throughout British America. Known also in Europe and 
South America. 
Lecidea tessellata of Tuckerman’s Synopsis. 
21. Lecidea lithophila Ach. Syn. Meth. Lich. 14. 1814. 
Lecidea lapicida lithophila Ach. Lich. Univ. 160. 1810. 
Thallus at first smoothish, but becoming more or less chinky, ashy or sea-green, 
sometimes disappearing, ours suborbicular or more or less irregularly spread over the 
substratum, the more regular thalli 30 to 50 mm. in diameter; apothecia small to 
minute in ours, 0.25 to 0.9 mm. in diameter, sometimes clustered and more or less 
angular, the disk black or blackish brown, commonly flat or only slightly convex, 
rarely somewhat pruinose, the exciple lighter-colored and seldom disappearing; 
hypothecium pale and finally pale brownish; hymenium pale throughout or darker 
above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, somewhat coherent, frequently en- 
larged and darker toward the apex; asci clavate; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 11 to 15 4 
long and 6 to 7 » wide. 
Collected on rocks at Grand Portage. Not previously reported from Minnesota. 
Not known elsewhere in North America. Well known in Europe, and found also 
in Asia. 
22. Lecidea contigua Fr. Sched. Crit. Lich. Exsicc. Suec. 13:14, 1827. 
Thallus more or less roughened, becoming somewhat chinky and finally subareo- 
late, sea-green, and finally more or less ashy, irregularly spread over the substratum, 
sometimes thin and somewhat scattered; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5 to 1.5 
mm. in diameter, from more or less immersed becoming adnate and subsessile, the 
disk black and flat or finally convex, the exciple rather thin, black, and persistent; 
hypothecium dark brown; hymenium pale or brownish; paraphyses simple or not 
rarely branched, commonly thickened and brownish toward the apex; asci clavate 
or narrowly clavate; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 10 to 16 » long and 5 to 7 » wide. 
Collected on Grand Portage Island. On rocks. 
Found in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida, and in various 
portions of British America. Known in all of the grand divisions. 
Lecidea crustulata of the preliminary reports. The two names sometimes occur in 
the same list of lichen species, and they may yet prove to represent two distinct 
species. 
