88 * CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Apothecia never flexuous. 
Apothecia soon convex, small, dark 
brown to black. ......2.222.22-2.-2.-.- 5. B. endoleuca. 
Apothecia remaining flat or becoming 
slightly convex, small or minute, 
dark brown to black.................. 12. B. bacillifera. 
1. Bacidia atrosanguinea (Schaer.) Anzi, Cat. Lich. Sondr. 70. 1860. 
Lecidea anomala atrosanguinea Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 4: 170. 1833. 
Thallus composed of minute granules, these usually contiguous and united into a 
roughened, chinky, or subleprose, widely spread, usually thin, ashy to sea-green 
crust, rarely disappearing; apothecia rather small, 0.2 to 0.85 mm. in diameter, 
sessile, flat with evident persistent exciple or rarely concave, or slightly convex, 
in ours black, but said to be sometimes dark reddish; hypothecium reddish-brown; 
hymenium pale below and pale brownish above; paraphyses simple or rarely 
branched, sometimes enlarged and darker toward the apex; asci cylindrico-clavate; 
spores several-celled, 30 to 50 ” long and 3 to 4.5 » wide. 
A single collection was made at Warroad. On trees. 
Not known elsewhere in America. Well known in Europe. 
Biatora atrosanguinea of the preliminary reports. 
2. Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) Mass. Ric. Lich. 118. f. 237. 1852. Puate 5, B. 
Verrucaria rubella Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 174. 1795. 
Thallus composed of minute scattered or crowned granules, frequently becoming 
compacted into a subleprose or more or less verrucose or chinky, sea-green, ashy, or 
rarely yellowish crust, irregularly and often widely spread over the substratum as a 
moderately thick or thinner layer, this sometimes becoming scattered and inconspicuous 
or disappearing entirely; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5 to 1.85 mm. in diameter, 
sessile or adnate, reddish yellow or reddish brown, flat with a rather thick and lighter- 
colored exciple, or becoming convex and the margin disappearing; hypothecium 
yellowish to brown; hymenium pale yellowish; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, 
sometimes slightly thickened and brownish toward the apex; asci long-clavate; 
spores several-celled (possibly sometimes as many as 16-celled), 45 to 65 » long and 
3 to 4 » wide. 
A form with pruinose margin is known as subspecies porriginosa (Turn.) Arn. 
Another with naked exciple is subspecies /uteola (Schrad.) Th. Fr. Ours is usually 
the latter. Th. Fries notes spores 100-7 long in European forms. . 
Generally distributed over the State. On trees. 
The species is generally diffused in North America. The synonymy is somewhat 
uncertain, but the plant seems to occur in all of the grand divisions, 
Biatora rubella of the preliminary reports. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.—See page 71. 
8. Bacidia fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Arn. Flora 54: 55. 1871. 
Verrucaria fuscorubella Woffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 175. 1795. 
Thallus composed of rather coarser and less frequently scattered granules than the 
last, these forming a more conspicuous and commonly more widely spread, thicker, 
more rugose or chinky crust, more commonly continuous and rarely becoming scat- 
tered or tending to disappear, in color similar to the last; apothecia small to middle- 
sized, 0.6 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, sessile or adnate, flat, with an elevated and often 
transversely striate and pruinose exciple, less commonly becoming somewhat convex, 
the margin then disappearing, pale brown to darker and finally black; hypothecium 
yellow to brown; hymenium yellowish; paraphyses simple or rather rarely branched, 
commonly thickened and brownish toward the apex; asci long-clavate; spores about 
7 to 14-celled, 40 to 75 « long and 3 to 5 » wide. 
