FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 91 
9. Bacidia muscorum (IHoffm.) Fink. 
Verrucaria muscorum Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 191. 1795. 
Thallus composed of minute granules commonly run together into a widely spread 
rugose-verrucose, usually well developed, sea-green or whitish crust; apothecia small 
to middle-sized, 0.4 to 1.2 mm. in diameter, sessile or adnate, flat, with a thin and 
frequently flexuous margin, or perhaps more commonly becoming convex and immar- 
ginate, frequently conglomerately clustered, black or rarely reddish brown; hypo- 
thecium yellowish to dark brown; hymenium pale yellowish, or violet-tinged above; 
paraphyses simple or rarely branched, frequently thickened and darker toward the 
apex; asci long-clavate; spores about 6 to 10-celled, 25 to 45 ” long and 2 to 3.5 » wide. 
Generally distributed over the State. On earth, over mosses, and rarely on bark. 
Also in New England, New York, Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska and northward to 
arctic America. Known likewise in Europe and Asia. 
Biatota muscorum of the preliminary reports. 
10. Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Branth & Rostr. Bot. Tidssk. 3: 235. 1869. 
Lecidea umbrina Ach. Lich. Univ. 183. 1810. 
Thallus composed of minute granules, these commonly compacted into a thickish 
and continuous, or scattered and thinner, subleprose, chinky or subareolate crust; 
sea-green varying to ashy or even blackish, widely spread, the granules, when apparent, 
usually flattened, the whole thallus sometimes tending to disappear; apothecia mi- 
nute, 0.25 to 0.6 mm. in diameter, adnate or somewhat immersed, at first flat, with a 
commonly paler margin, but becoming convex and immarginate, light brown to black; 
hypothecium pale brownish to brown; hymenium pale below and darker above; pa- 
raphyses simple or rarely branched, commonly enlarged and darker toward the apex; 
asci long-clavate or inflated-clavate; spores hamate or more or less spirally twisted, 
about 4 to 8-celled, 18 to 30 » long and 2 to 3 1 wide. 
Collected near Minneapolis. On calcareous rocks. Also a larger and doubtful form 
was collected on cedars in a swamp near Warroad. Doubtless occurs on rocks in other 
portions of the State, but very difficult to distinguish macroscopically from the more 
common Bacidia inundata, 
Elsewhere in North America in New England, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, 
Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Labrador or Newfoundland. Known also in Europe 
and Asia. 
Biatora umbrina of the preliminary reports. 
11. Bacidia chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink. 
Biatora chlorantha Tuck. Syn. Lich. N. E. 60. 1848. 
Thallus composed of rather coarse and scattered granules, becoming flattened, and 
when more compacted forming a bright green or paler or even brownish, frequently 
chinky crust; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.4 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, sessile, flat 
or slightly convex, dark reddish brown or more commonly black, the exciple thick, 
lighter-colored, often becoming flexuous; hypothecium pale or pale brownish; hyme- 
nium pale throughout or slightly darkened above; paraphyses commonly simple, 
sometimes slightly thickened and darker toward the apex; asci clavate or inflated- 
clavate; spores several-celled, 20 to 35 4 long and 2 to 3 » wide, numerous (30 to 50) 
in each ascus. 
A single collection was made at Beaudette. On balsams in a swamp. 
A North American lichen known elsewhere in New England, New York, Ohio, IIli- 
nois, and Ontario. 
Biatora chlorantha of the preliminary reports. 
12. Bacidia bacillifera (Nyl.) Fink. 
Lecidea bacillifera Nyl. Not. Sillsk. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 5: 82. 1861. 
Thallus composed of minute granules forming a scattered or more or less continu- 
ous crust, this ashy to sea-green, frequently disappearing; apothecia small or minute, 
