FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 103 
irregular, sometimes reticulately furrowed, white-edged squamules, larger than those 
of the above, 1 to 3.5 mm. in diameter, white beneath; pseudocortex below scarcely 
any, the hyphal rhizoids rather few, usually situated toward the center of the thallus; 
apothecia of about the same size as in the last, or perhaps somewhat larger, sessile, 
commonly convex and the paler margin disappearing, reddish brown and darkening; 
hypothecium yellowish or light brown; hymenium pale yellowish to brownish, 
lighter below; paraphyses simple, or rarely branched toward the commonly 
enlarged and brownish apex; asci cylindrico-clavate; spores ellipsoid, 9 to 13 « long 
and 4 to 6 » wide. 
The plant here reported was collected at La Crosse, Wisconsin, by L. H. Pammel, 
but of course the same occurs on the Minnesota side. On calcareous rocks. Quite 
common in northeastern Iowa and no doubt also in southeastern Minnesota. 
Widely distributed in the United States and northward into British America. A 
North American plant. 
Biatora russellii of the preliminary reports. 
8. Psora decipiens (Ehrh.) Hoffm. Descr. Pl. Crypt. 2: 63. pl. 43. f. 1-3, 1794. 
Lichen decipiens Ehrh. in Hedw. Descr. Muse. Frond, 2:7. 1789. 
Thallus composed of incarnate brick-colored, scattered or rarely somewhat clus- 
tered, closely adnate, rounded or somewhat irregular and lobed, entire or in ours 
frequently delicately crenulate-margined, more or less concave and sometimes fur- 
rowed, white-edged squamules, which are thinner and somewhat smaller than those 
of the last, 0.75 to 3 mm. in diameter, and white below; thallus microscopically 
similar to the last; apothecia slightly smaller than in the last, 0.3 to 1.2 mm. in 
diameter, sessile or adnate, commonly marginal and sometimes oblong, brown and 
becoming black, usually strongly convex and the lighter margin absent; hypothe- 
cium brown or brownish; hymenium pale brownish or reddish brown; paraphyses 
simple or rarely branched toward the apex, there usually enlarged and brownish; 
asci clavate; spores oblong-ovoid, 10 to 16 « long and 5 to 7 » wide. 
Collected at Granite Falls, at Battle Lake, and in the Leaf Hills. On calcareous 
earth. No doubt occurs also with the last in southeastern Minnesota, but always on 
earth. The differences between the present and the last species above are easily 
seen in the plants, though not easy to demonstrate in the descriptions. 
Widely distributed in North America, but not known at the extreme south. Known 
from all the grand divisions except South America. 
Biatora decipiens of the preliminary reports. 
8a. Psora decipiens dealbata (Tuck.) Fink. 
Biatora decipiens dealbata Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 2:13. 1888. 
As the above, except that the thallus is white. It may well be doubted whether 
this should be recognized as a subspecies simply on the basis of the color difference. 
Collected with the above at Granite Falls and in the Leaf Hills. The same occurs 
in Iowa and may be looked for wherever the species occurs. 
Biatora decipiens dealbata of the preliminary reports. 
4. Psora icterica (Mont.) Fink. 
Biatora icterica Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 2:373. 1834. 
Thallus composed of greenish, yellowish, or finally tawny squamules, these scat- 
tered or areolately or imbricately clustered, closely adnate, but frequently somewhat 
raised and paler-edged, sometimes rounded but more frequently radiately or irregu- 
larly lobed, flat or concave, smooth or furrowed, ventrally white, | to 4mm, in diame- 
ter in ours (Tuckerman says hardly so large as in the last); thallus showing the 
pseudocortex below much as in our first species of the genus; apothecia small to 
middle-sized, 0.3 to 1.2 mm.in diameter, closely sessile, dark brown and blackening, 
