104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
the disk commonly convex and without margin; hypothecium pale brownish to 
brown; hymenium light brown; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, commonly 
thickened and brownish toward the apex; asci clavate; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 12 to 
18 » long and 4 to 7 » wide. 
Collected at Granite Falls. Tuckerman also records the plant from the State, col-, 
lected by Lapham, but without locality. On earth. 
Widely distributed in the United States west of the Mississippi River, and also 
collected in New York and in British Columbia. A strictly American plant, also 
widely distributed in South America. 
Biatora icterica of the preliminary reports. 
TONINIA Mass. Ric. Lich. 107. f. 212-214. 1852. 
The thallus is squamulose-crustose, squamulose, or even subareolate, and is usually 
lobed at the margin. So far as we have been able to examine the species, the upper 
cortex is rather thin, but cellular, and the algal and medullary layers are more or less 
differentiated. No lower cortex is developed. The upper cortex is usually con- 
siderably gelatinized and the cells may be completely obliterated, especially toward 
the upper portion. The algal symbiont is Cystococcus. White, ashy, sea-green, 
brown, and olivaceous are common colors. Hyphal rhizoids attach the thallus to the 
substratum. On the whole, the thalli remind one of those of the Psoras, and they 
may consist of scattered squamules or may be continuous with the squamules more 
or less imbricated. The apothecia are scattered over the squamules and are usually 
black, small, and adnate or sessile. The proper exciple is commonly dark, but may 
be lighter and more like that of the section Biatora than that of Eulecidea. It usually 
soon disappears, leaving the apothecium without margin. The hypothecium varies 
from pale to dark brown and the hymenium also may be more or less brownish 
throughout. The asci are clavate or rarely cylindrico-clavate. The spores are 
hyaline, 4 to 8-celled, and oblong or ellipsoid. 
The present genus is nearest to Psora as to thallus structure, but nearer to Bilimbia 
as to spores, and on the whole doubtless nearest to Eulecidea as to character of the 
apothecium or more especially the exciple, Species having 2-celled spores are by 
some admitted to the genus, but we have followed Massalongo in excluding them. 
A single species has been met in the State. On mossy rocks. 
Type species Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer.) Mass. loc. cit. 
Toninia aromatica (J. E. Smith) Mass. Symm. Lich. 54. 1855. 
Lichen aromaticus J. FE. Smith in Sowerby, Engl. Bot. 25: pl. 1777. 1807. 
Thallus composed of rather small, contiguous or more or less scattered, verruca- 
like squamules, 0.5 to 2 mm. in diameter, when closely clustered forming a subver- 
rucose crust, the squamules thickened and commonly more or less irregular, the 
crust, when continuous, somewhat irregular and covering areas of the substratum 
10 to 35 mm. in diameter, olivaceous varying toward brownish or ashy; apothecia 
small, adnate, 0.4 to | mm. in diameter, often clustered, the disk black, at first 
flat and surrounded by the black exciple, soon becoming convex and variously 
irregular, the exciple disappearing; hypothecium brown to blackish brown; hyme- 
nium commonly brownish throughout and darker above; paraphyses simple or 
more or less branched, often somewhat coherent, commonly enlarged and brownish 
toward the apex; asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate; spores fusiform to cylindrico- 
fusiform, 4-celled, 15 to 27 » long and 3 to 4.5 pe wide. 
Collected on mosses over rocks at Grand Marais. Not previously reported from 
Minnesota. 
Reported from California and Ontario, but the California material is said to have 
simple spores and must be immature or of some other species. Known also in Europe 
and Africa. 
