106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
and darker toward the apex; asci cylindrico-clavate; spores simple, oblong-ellipsoid, 
8 to 15 » long and 3 to 4 » wide. 
Found in a number of places in the northern portion of the State. On rocks and 
earth. 
Elsewhere in North America in New York, New Hampshire, Oregon, North Carolina, 
and Florida, and in several places in British America. Within the United States 
usually in mountains. Known also in South America, Europe, and New Zealand. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10.—A, Plant of Baeomyces byssoides on rocks, showing the thallus and the stipes 
surmounted by apothecia. B, Plant of Jemadophila aeruginosa on a decorticated log, showing the thallus 
and the apothecia. A enlarged nearly 24 diameters; B enlarged nearly 2! diameters. 
ICMADOPHILA Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4: 147. 1789. 
In the single species known the thallus is crustose, usually widely spread over the 
substratum, to which it is closely attached, and scarcely showing any differentiation 
into layers, The algal symbiont is a modified form of Cystococcus, though Gloeocapsa 
may also appear in the association. The stipes are absent or very short, and if to be 
regarded as stipes at all, are solid throughout. 
The apothecia are sessile or subsessile, of good size, and surrounded by a proper 
exciple, which may disappear. The proper exciple is in turn surrounded by a thal- 
loid one, which is quite evanescent. The spores are 2 to 4-celled, hyaline, and fusi- 
form. 
The relationships of the genus are by no means certain. A comparison of the above 
description with that of Baeomyces will reveal considerable similarity, and yet per- 
haps the spore and apothecial characters would place the present genus quite as close 
to Haematomma. Also, the external resemblance to Lecanora pallida is very marked. 
Type species Lichen emadophilus L. f. Suppl. Pl. 450. 1781. (Jemadophila aeru- 
ginosa (Scop.) Mass.) 
Icamadophila aeruginosa (Scop.) Mass. Ric. Lich. 26. 1852. PuaTE 10, B. 
Lichen aeruginosus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 361. f. 42. 1772. 
Primary thallus crustose, of medium thickness, roughened-granulate or rather verru- 
cose, rarely becoming subleprose, usually widely spread over the substratum as a 
continuous crust, sea-green, varying toward greenish or whitish; apothecia sessile or 
borne on the rarely developed, very short stipes, middle-sized or larger, 0.6 to 3.5 mm. 
in diameter, rosy flesh-color or lighter, the disk flattish and commonly more or less 
wrinkled, surrounded by a rather thin proper margin, this in turn usually by more or 
less of a thalloid one, or the disk sometimes becoming convex and the excipular mar- 
gin disappearing; hypothecium pale; hymenium of the same color or slightly darker 
above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, sometimes slightly enlarged and colored 
above; asci cylindrico-clavate; spores oblong-fusiform, 2 to 4-celled, 14 to 28 » long 
and 4 to 6 « wide. 
Generally distributed in the extreme northern portion of the State. On rotting 
wood. 
Found throughout British America, in Oregon, and in the Rocky Mountains. 
Known also in Europe and Asia. 
Baeomyces aeruginosus of the preliminary reports. 
Family CLADONIACEAE. 
The family within the limits of this volume consists of the single genus Cladonia. 
The structure of the thallus and apothecia will be thoroughly discussed in the de- 
scription of the genus. The origin of stipes and podetia is similar in each ontogeny, 
and it may be assumed that the lichens showing the podetia have been derived phylo- 
genetically from some such genus as Baeomyces, in which we have the stipes and also 
