108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Cladonia is represented in the State by over 50 more or less distinct lichens, Our 
species occur on all sorts of substrata, but most commonly on earth or old wood. 
The synonymy of the Cladonias was considerably changed during the progress of the 
preliminary reports, and is consequently quite different in the earlier papers of these 
reports from that used in this volume. 
Type species Cladonia polymorpha Web. loc. cit. (C. squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm.) 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11.—Fig. 1, the plant; @ and c, sterile podetia; b, apothecia; d, the primary 
thallus; ¢, proliferations or branches. Fig. 2, a diagrammatic section of the cup of a podetium; a, cavities; 
b, mechanical tissue. Fig. 3, a section of an apothecium; a, the hymenium; b, the hypothecium. — Fig. 
4, a section of the primary or horizontal thallus; a, the cortex of gelatinized hyphe; 6, the algal layer; c, 
the hyphe extending in the direction of growth, within a very thin medullary layer between 6 and c. 
Fig. 5, two paraphyses and an ascus with spores. Fig.6,spores. Fig.7,algal cells. Fig. 8,a,sterigmata, 
bearing spermatia; 6, hyphal network below the sterigmata; c, tissue inclosing the spermagonium. Fig. 
9,spermatia. Fig. 1, natural size; fig. 2,enlarged about 15 diameters; fig. 3, enlarged 250 diameters; fig. 4, 
enlarged about 175 diameters; figs. 5-7, enlarged 650 diameters; fig. 8, enlarged 500 diameters; fig. 9, 
enlarged 1,600 diameters. From Schneider. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Section I. Plants large, the primary thallus disappearing; podetia much branched; 
apothecia rare. 
Podetia large, sea-green to grayish or brownish, the sterile tips 
nutant ......22222 22-22 ee eee eee 1. C. rangiferina, 
Podetia hardly so large. 
Podetia stoutish, whitish, straw-colored, or sea-green....... 2. C. sylvatica. 
Podetia more slender, whitish or yellowish straw-colored, 
the sterile tips erect and brighter..................-. 3. C. alpestris. 
Section I]. Apothecia scarlet; podetia usually not conspicuously branched. 
Cups present and well developed. 
Primary thallus usually disappearing; podetia usually 
longer and more slender than in the three following... 8. C. deformis. 
Primary thallus usually persistent. 
Squamules large...........2.2.22. 2220000202222 2 eee ee eee 6. C. digitata. 
Squamules much smaller. 
Podetia corticate throughout................2-------- 7. OC. coccifera. 
Podetia decorticate and sorediate toward the top....-. 7a. C. coccifera pleu- 
rota, 
Cups absent or poorly developed. 
Podetiaabsent or short. ......2...------22--20-022-- eee eee 9b. C. eristatella patl- 
udicola. 
Podetia well developed. 
Podetia simple or rarely branched, usually decorticate. 
Spores obliquely disposed; podetia rarely branched... 4. C. bacillaris. 
Spores irregularly disposed; podetia more — often 
branched.............20200-0-002 02 2c ee ee ee eee eee 5. CC. macilenta. 
Podetia somewhat more commonly and conspicuously 
branched, corticate. 
Podetia not densely squamulose...........-.---.----- 9. C. eristatella. 
Podetia densely squamulose..............-..-...------ 9a. C. cristatella ves- 
tita. 
Section III. Apothecia brown; primary thallus usually evanescent; podetia for 
the most part conspicuously branched. 
Podetia more or less decorticate and sorediate................l2a.  C. furcata scabri- 
uscula. 
