118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Collected in several localities in northern Minnesota, along Rainy River and 
Rainy Lake; also on islands in Lake of the Woods. On earth, and on decaying 
wood on the ground. 
Not known elsewhere. 
12d. Cladonia furcata pinnata (Iloerke) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 
4: 332. 1887. PLATE 16, FIGURE 3. 
Cenomyce racemosa pinnata Floerke in Schleich. Cat. Pl. Helv. 47. 1821. 
Podetia squamulose, the squamules incised or lobate-crenate, commonly smooth- 
ish; cortex subcontinuous or areolate, or rarely in part wanting; usually sea-green 
or whitish; apothecia subentire. 
Collected at Gunflint and in the Misquah Hills, both in the northern portion of 
the State. 
Wainio records the subspecies from Mexico, South Carolina, Vancouver Island, 
New York, and from various parts of British America. It was doubtless included 
in Tuckerman’s conception of C. furcata racemosa (Hoffm.) Floerke¢, which may also 
occur in Minnesota. Reported from all of the grand divisions except Africa. 
13. Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot. in Wendt. Therm. Warmbr. 96. 1839. 
Baeomyces turbinatus crispatus Ach. Meth. Lich. 341. 1803. 
Primary thallus persistent or finally dying, composed of medium-sized digitate- 
laciniate or crenate squamules, which are 1 to 4 mm. long and wide, ascending, flat 
or involute, scattered or rarely clustered and forming a compact crust, in color light 
or darker sea-green or even olive-brown above, below white or brownish or reddish 
toward the base, the cortex continuous; podetia arising from the surface of the primary 
thallus, the base sometimes dying away, | to 7.5 or possibly 10 cm. in length and 
0.5 to 5 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical or irregularly turgescent, radially or sym- 
podially branched, the branches suberect or spreading, the axils commonly somewhat 
dilate-open, the cortex subcontinuous or dispersed-areolate, the areoles frequently 
more or less raised, sometimes more or less squamulose; sea-green or variously whitish, 
reddish, brownish, or olivaceous, most commonly scyphiform; cups abruptly dilated 
and frequently perforate, borne at the apices of the branches, repeatedly proliferate 
at the margin; apothecia small, 0.5 to 0.7 mm. in diameter, at the apices of the short 
branches or at the ends of the proliferations of the cups, subsolitary or subcorym- 
bosely aggregated, immarginate or with thin margin, flat or convex, brown or rarely 
brick red; hypothecium pale; hymenium pale or pale brownish below and brownish 
above; paraphyses commonly simple, thickened but usually pale at the apex; asci 
cylindrico-clavate. 
Collected at several places in the northern part of the State. On earth and old wood. 
Found in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and California, and northward in British 
America and Alaska. Known also in South America, Europe, and Asia. 
14. Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl.) Wainio, Acta Soc. Faun. Flor, Fenn. 4: 445. 
1887. 
Cladonia delicata subsquamosa Ny]. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IIT. 18: 407. 1866. 
Primary thallus composed of middle-sized squamules, these commonly disappearing 
sooner or later; podetia arising from the surface of the squamules, 12 to 35 mm. long 
in ours and becoming twice as long in foreign plants, subcylindrical or tubzeform, 
sometimes scyphiform, irregularly branched or rarely simple, the axils sometimes 
perforate, the apices scyphiform, obtuse, perforate or rarely subulate, erect, the 
cortex verrucose or areolate or almost wholly wanting; sometimes squamulose toward 
the base, and squamulose-scaly higher up, whitish sea-green or varying toward brown- 
ish, the base sometimes dying and becoming dark-colored; cups when present per- 
forate, and the margin becoming repeatedly proliferate; apothecia commonly small, 
a Clad. Comm. 152. 1828, 
