FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 119 
0.5 to 0.7 mm. in diameter, subsolitary or more or less aggregated at the apices of the 
branches, flat and thinly margined or becoming convex and immarginate, brown; 
hypothecium pale; hymenium pale below and brownish above; paraphyses with 
thickened apices; asci clavate. 
Our plant is sterile, and the apothecial characters are taken from Wainio. 
A single collection from Emo was placed here by Doctor Wainio. On earth over 
rocks. 
Previously known in North America only from Vancouver Island, Puget Sound, 
and Alaska. A rare plant, Wainio citing’a single station each for Europe, South 
America, and Australia. 
15. Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 125. 1795. 
Lichen squamosus Scop. Fl. Carn, ed. 2. 2: 368. 1772. 
Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of middle-sized or rarely large, 
crenate, irregularly subdigitate or subpinnate-laciniate squamules, these 1.5 to 7 mm. 
long and 1 to 5 mm. wide, ascending, flat or involute, scattered or clustered and rarely 
cespitosé so as to form a compact crust, sea-green varying toward ashy or brown above, 
below white, the cortex continuous; podetia arising from the surface of the primary 
thallus, rarely dying at the base, 10 to 85 mm. long and 2 to 5 mm. in diameter, sub- 
cylindrical or rarely trumpet-shaped, irregularly turgescent, clustered, erect, ascend- 
ing, decumbent or irregularly flexuous, rarely simple or commonly more or less irregu- 
larly or radiately branched, the branches erect or spreading, the axils frequently 
open, the cortex areolate, or subcontinuous toward the base, the areoles sometimes 
scattered or entirely disappearing above, the podetia sorediate above, the corticate 
portions commonly squamulose with frequently laciniate squamules, ashy, sea-green, 
olivaceous, or brown, or variegated with these colors, commonly scyphiform; cups 
abruptly dilated, medium-sized or small, usually perforate, the margin commonly 
repeatedly proliferate; apothecia small, 0.5 to 0.7 mm. in diameter, on the margin of 
the cups or at the ends of branches or proliferations, subsolitary or clustered, thinly 
margined or immarginate, flat or becoming convex, brown or rarely pale brown or 
possibly brick-red; hypothecium pale; hymenium pale or pale brownish below and 
commonly brownish above; paraphyses usually simple, sometimes thickened and 
brownish toward the apex; asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate. 
Generally distributed over the State. On old wood and earth. 
The plant is widely distributed in North America and is also quite cosmopolitan 
in its foreign distribution. 
15a. Cladonia squamosa multibrachiata (Floerke) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. 
Fenn. 4: 437. 1887. 
Cladonia squamosa asperella multibrachiata Floerke, Clad. Comm. 133. 1828. 
Podetia scyphiform and almost destitute of squamules. 
Ours, determined by Doctor Wainio, is a small plant, 10 to 25 mm. long and | to 
2.5 mm. in diameter, with cups irregular and proliferate. 
The plant determined by Doctor Wainio is from Rainy Lake City. Others from 
Gunflint and Snowbank Lake seem to be the same. 
Not known elsewhere in North America. Otherwise confined to Europe. 
15b. Cladonia squamosa phyllocoma (Rabenh.) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. 
Fenn. 4: 441. 1887. 
Cladonia squamosa macrophylla phyllocoma Rabenh. Clad. Eur. Exsicc. pl. 26. no, 
20. 1860. 
Podetia scyphiform, corticate, more or less squamulose with rather large squamules. 
A single collection from Emo on the international boundary has been placed here 
by Doctor Wainio. A European form not known elsewhere in North America. 
