120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
16. Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Floerke, Clad. Comm. 8. 1828. 
Baeomyces caespiticius Pers. Ann. Bot. Usteri 7: 155. 1794. 
Primary thallus persistent and composed of subdigitately laciniate, incised or 
crenate, ascending, flat or rarely involute squamules, these middle-sized, 2 to 10 mm. 
long and 1.5 to 8 mm. in width, commonly clustered and thus forming larger or smaller 
patches, sea-green varying toward whitish or olivaceous, the cortex continuous, 
frequently sorediate below, the color there white; podetia arising from the surface of 
the primary thallus, abortive or 1 to 5 mm. long and 0.4 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, sub- 
cylindrical or clavate, cupless, simple or rarely branched, the apices obtuse and 
always bearing apothecia; sometimes open at the apex, scattered, erect, decorticate, 
rarely squamulose, usually ashy in color; apothecia medium-sized or larger, 0.75 to 
3 mm. in diameter, borne at the apices of podetia or rarely subsessile, solitary or 
slightly clustered, thinly margined or immarginate, flat or convex, brown or reddish 
brown; hypothecium pale; hymenium pale below and pale or brownish above; 
- paraphyses simple, the apices enlarged and pale or brownish; asci cylindrico-clavate. 
Reported from widely separate portions of the State, but some of the material is 
doubtful. Certainly distributed widely in northern Minnesota, and doubtless to be 
found in all portions of the State. On rocks and old wood. 
Distributed throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and north- 
ward into British America. Also common in Europe, but scarcely extending into 
extreme arctic regions in either hemisphere. 
17. Cladonia delicata (Ach.) Floerke, Clad. Comm. 7. 1828. 
Lichen delicatus Ach. Lich. Suec. 199. 1798. 
Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of small laciniate, erose, or crenate 
squamules, these | to2.5 mm. long and wide, ascending, flat or involute, commonly clus- 
tered and frequently forming a crust, ashy, sea-green or olivaceous above, below white 
and usually more or less sorediate, the cortex continuous above; podetia arising from 
the surface of the primary thallus, 3 to 10 mm. long and 0.5 to 1 mm. in diameter, 
cupless, subcylindrical, clavate or irregularly turgescent, usually simple or slightly 
branched at the apex, rarely quite freely branched lower down, the axils, the apices, 
and the sides sometimes more or less fissured; scattered or clustered, erect, commonly 
more or less sorediate and decorticate, and usually sorediate-furfuraceous, the apices 
usually: apothecia-bearing and obtuse, but rarely sterile and subulate; apothecia 
small, 0.3 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, borne in clusters or solitary at the apices of the 
podetia or branches, thinly margined or immarginate, flat or convex, brown or rarely 
reddish brown; hypothecium pale or pale brownish; hymenium brownish and darker 
above; paraphyses simple or branched, the apices frequently thickened and pale 
brownish; asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate. 
Collected at Taylors Falls, Beaver Bay, and Warroad. Thus widely distributed, 
but probably rare in the State. On old wood. 
Distributed throughout the eastern half of the United States and northward into 
British America. Known in all the grand divisions. , 
18. Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 1: 35. 1823. 
Baeomyces cenoteus Ach. Meth. Lich. 345. pl. 7. f. 7. 1803. 
Primary thallus usually persistent, composed of middle-sized or small, irregularly 
divided, incised orsubentire squamules, these | to 3 mm. long and wide, ascending, flat 
orinvolute, scattered or clustered, ashy, sea-green, brownish, or olivaceous above, the 
cortex continuous, beneath white and sometimes more or less sorediate; podetia arising 
from the surface of the primary thallus, 5 to 60 mm. long and 0.5 to 5 mm. in diameter 
(foreign specimens reaching 10 cm. long), subcylindrical, irregularly turgescent. or 
trumpet-shaped, commonly erect, wholly decorticate and finely sorediate, or corticate 
toward the base, there also sometimes more or less squamulose, ashy, sea-green or 
