124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
mm. long, the sterile apices scyphiform, cornute, or rarely subulate; apothecia small 
to medium-sized, 0.5 to 2.5 mm. in diameter, regular or finally lobate and perforate, 
solitary or variously clustered at the apices of podetia or proliferations, convex or 
flat, immarginate, brown varying toward pale or reddish brown; hypothecium pale; 
hymenium pale below and pale brownish above; paraphyses simple or branched, 
frequently thickened and brownish toward the apex; asci cylindrico-clavate. 
Ours sterile and the spore and apothecial characters taken from European material. 
Collected several times along the international boundary and also at Tower and 
Bemidji. On earth, frequently over rocks. 
Appears to be widely distributed in North America, though much of the material 
is quite uncertain. Known in all the grand divisions. 
24a. Cladonia degenerans euphorea (Ach.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 200. 1858. 
Cenomyce gonorega euphorea Ach. Syn. Lich. 289. 1814. 
Podetia without squamules or the lower portion sparsely squamulose, the sterile 
cups regular and the fertile ones subregular, sometimes proliferate. 
In ours, determined by Doctor Wainio from Kettle Falls, the sides of the podetia 
are frequently perforate. The plant is sterile, and the determination is one well- 
nigh impossible to make without authentic specimens. 
Collected along the international boundary from Harding to Rainy Lake City. 
On earth, over rocks. 
Not known elsewhere in America. Well known in Europe. 
24b. Cladonia degenerans cladomorpha (Ach.) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. IJ’lor. 
Fenn. 10: 141. 1894. 
Baeomyces alicornis cladomorpha Ach. Syn. Lich. 350. 1814. 
Podetia without squamules or sparsely squamulose toward the base, scyphiform, 
the cups irregular with lacerate and sometimes proliferate margins. 
A single collection was made at Emo on the international boundary. On earth, 
over rocks. 
Not known elsewhere in America. Well known in Europe. 
25. Cladonia verticillata Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 122. 1795. 
Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of irregularly subcuneate or cre- 
nately lobed, or even incised-lobate, flat or somewhat involute, ascending, clustered 
or scattered, medium-sized or larger squamules, these 1.5 to 7.5 mm. long and wide, 
sea-green above or more commonly varying toward ashy, olivaceous, or even brownish, 
below white or darkening toward the base; podetia arising from the squamules, 3 to 
55 mm. long and 0.5 to 3.5 mm. in diameter, tubzform or more rarely turbinate, sub- 
solitary or clustered into small patches, erect or rarely ascending, the cortex sub- 
continuous, grooved or areolate with commonly closely contiguous areoles, destitute 
of squamules or rarely more or less squamulose at the base of the podetia or at the 
margins of the cups, sea-green varying toward ashy, yellowish, brownish, or olivaceous, 
or variegated with these colors, the narrow decorticate portions between the areoles 
white or rarely reddish, scyphiform; cups medium-sized or large, 2.5 to 9 mm. in 
diameter, usually abruptly dilated, shallow, the margin subentire or dentate, com- 
monly proliferate from the closed cavity of thecup, the proliferations 1 to several, and 
the ranks commonly 2 to 5, the lowest one about 20 mm. long; apothecia small or 
medium-sized, 0.5 to 2.5 mm. in diameter, rounded or irregular and perforate, sessile 
on the margin of the cups or shortly pedicellate, flat and thinly margined or becom- 
ing convex and immarginate, paler or darker brown; hypothecium pale; hymenium 
commonly pale below and brownish above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, 
commonly thickened and brownish toward the apex; asci cylindrico-clavate. 
Generally distributed over the State. On earth, or on rocks covered with humus. 
The plant is generally distributed over North America. Known also in all of the 
grand divisions, and one of the most cosmopolitan of lichens. 
