FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 125 
25a. Cladonia verticillata cervicornis (Ach.) Flot. Linnaea 22: 380. 1849. 
Lichen cervicornis Ach. Lich. Suec. 184. 1798. 
Primary thallus persistent, composed of rather large or medium-sized, usually 
densely clustered, laciniate squamules, these about 5 to 12 mm. long; podetia rather 
short and slender for the species, 2 to 20 mm. long and 0.3 to 1 mm, in diameter, 
simple or proliferous from the central portions of the cups, or rarely from the margins 
or even from the sides of the podetia below the cups, the ranks 1 to 3, the upper ranks 
often without cups and branched irregularly, without squamules or squamose about 
the margins of the cups. 
Once collected in the State, at Koochiching. On earth. 
Elsewhere in North America from New England, Mississippi, and arctic America. 
Known also in all the grand divisions. 
26. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 121. 1795. 
Lichen pyxidatus L. Sp. Pl. 1151. 1753. 
Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of irregularly or digitately incised 
or lobate, flat, concave or rarely convex, commonly ascending, clustered or scattered 
squamules, these 2 to 8 mm. long and 1.5 to 6 mm. wide, sea-green above or varying 
toward whitish or olivaceous, commonly lighter and sorediate below; podetia arising 
from the surface of the primary thallus, 3.5 to 30 mm. long and 3 to 4.5 mm. in diam- 
eter, turbinate or tubzeform, erect, the cortex areolate or verrucose or subcontinuous 
toward the base, rarely more or less squamulose, sea-green varying toward ashy or 
olivaceous, the decorticate portion white or ashy-brown, frequently closely clustered, 
scyphiform; cups | to 7 mm. in diameter, regular or irregular, on well-developed 
podetia or the dilation beginning just above the primary thallus, the cavity non- 
perforate, sorediate or corticate, entire, dentate or proliferate from the margin, the 
proliferations 1 or more, the ranks 1 to 3; apothecia scarcely common, medium-sized, 
1 to 4 mm. in diameter, solitary or conglomerate, regular or irregular, sessile on the 
margins of the cups or on longer or shorter pedicels, flat and thinly margined or more 
commonly convex and immarginate, commonly brown, and ours all of some shade of 
brown; hypothecium pale or pale brownish; hymenium pale or pale brownish below 
and brownish above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, commonly thickened 
and brownish toward the apex; asci clavate. 
Generally distributed over the State. On earth or rotton wood. 
Widely distributed in North America, Cosmopolitan in its foreign distribution. 
26a. Cladonia pyxidata chlorophaea (Spreng.) Floerke, Clad. Comm. 70. 1828. 
PuLaTE 17. 
Cladonia chlorophaea Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 273. 1827. 
Podetia more or less decorticate and sorediate toward the top. 
Thus far found only in the northern portion of the State, but no doubt generally 
distributed, though not so common as the species. 
Reported elsewhere in North America only from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and 
Ohio, and northward to Great Bear Lake, but doubtless generally distributed. Known 
in all the grand divisions. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17,--Plant on an old stump, showing primary thallus and the cup-bearing 
podetia. Natural size. 
26b. Cladonia pyxidata pocillum (Ach.) Flot. Linnaea 17: 19, 1843. 
Baeomyces pocillum Ach. Meth. Lich. 336. pl. 8. /. 6. 1803. 
Primary thallus of rather large and thick, round-lobed or somewhat incised, closely 
adnate or slightly ascending squamules, these more or less imbricated and closely 
packed into a commonly olivaceous or brownish crust; podetia simple and sterile, 
partly decorticate above but not sorediate. 
A single collection was made at Grand Marais. On humus over rocks along Lake 
Superior. Not previously reported from Minnesota. 
