FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 127 
abruptly dilated, regular or rarely oblique; proliferations one or more fom each cup, 
the ranks 2 to 3 or rarely more, the upper ranks usually quite as long as the lower 
and scyphiform, but the terminal cups commonly narrowed; apothecia usually 
borne on the cups of the higher ranks. 
The plant referred to this species was collected at Warroad. On earth in a swamp. 
Reported from Vancouver Island and Newfoundland; otherwise unknown in North 
America outside of Minnesota. Known in Europe, Asia, and South America. 
27c. Cladonia fimbriata cornutoradiata Coem. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg.19: 40. 1865. 
Podetia elongated, sometimes bearing narrowed or abortive cups, simple or 
branched, the branches cornute or scyphiform, destitute of squamules or squamulose 
toward the base, decorticate and sorediate, or corticate toward the base and rarely 
also below the cups, the cavity of the cups sorediate. 
This subspecies was collected at Kettle Falls and at Tower. On earth. 
Not known elsewhere in North America. Frequent in Europe. 
27d. Cladonia fimbriata radiata (Schreb.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 195. 1858. 
Lichen radiatus Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips. 122. 1771. 
Podetia commonly long, 17 to 75 mm. in length, scyphiform, elongate-turbinate 
or subtubeeform, commonly more than l-ranked, the sterile apices cornute, subulate, 
or rarely obsoletely scyphiform, commonly straight and suberect, wholly decorticate 
and sorediate, or corticate and minutely areolate or verrucose toward the base, 
without squamules or rather rarely squamulose, especially toward the base; cups 
rather small, 2 to 5 mm. in diameter, gradually or quite abruptly dilated, quite 
regular or irregular, the margins dentate or proliferate, the proliferations one to sev- 
eral and elongated or quite short, the ranks 2 or 3; apothecia sessile or shortly stalked 
on the margins of the cups. 
For the most part confined to the northern portion of the State, but collected as 
far south as Redwood Falls. On earth and old wood. 
Generally distributed throughout northern North America. Known in all of the 
grand divisions except South America. 
27e. Cladonia fimbriata subulata (L.) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor, Fenn. 10: 
282. 1894. 
Lichen subulatus L. Sp. Pl. 1153. 1753. 
Podetia much elongated, 3 to 10 cm. in length, usually cupless, cylindrical, 
simple or variously branched, the sterile apices obtusely cornute or subulate; erect 
and straight or subflexuous, especially toward the apex, wholly decorticate and sore- 
diate, or areolate or subcontinuously corticate toward the base, without squamules 
or more or less squamulose, especially toward the base; apothecia at the apices of 
the podetia, rather rare. 
Throughout the northern portion of the State. On earth, especially over rocks. 
Elsewhere in North America known in the White Mountains and on Vancouver 
Island. Known in all of the grand divisions. 
27f. Cladonia fimbriata nemoxyna (Ach.) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 
10: 295. 1894. 
Baeomyces radiatus nemoxynus Ach. Meth. Lich. 342. 1803. 
Podetia commonly 25 to 90 mm. long, scyphiform or subscyphiform, 2 or 3-ranked, 
the sterile apices abortively scyphiform, cornute or subulate, suberect, more or less 
flexuous, wholly decorticate and sorediate, or in the basal half (more or less) variously 
areolate or verrucose-corticate, as also at the base of the apothecia and of the pro- 
liferations, without squamules or the basal portions and below the cups squamulose 
or rarely the whole podetium sparsely squamulose; cups small or abortive, 1 to 3.5 
mm. in diameter, gradually or somewhat abruptly dilated, commonly becoming 
irregular, the margin dentate or proliferate, the proliferations one or more, either 
short or quite elongated; apothecia sessile or on pedicels on the margin of the cups. 
