128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Common throughout the northern half of the State, occurring as far south as Taylors 
Falls and Granite Falls. On earth, frequently over rocks. 
Found elsewhere in North America in a single locality, viz, New Bedford, Massa- 
chusetts. Known in all of the grand divisions. 
27g. Cladonia fimbriata coniocraea (Floerke) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn, 
10: 308. 1894, PLaTE 14, B, 
Cenomyce coniocraea Floerke, Deutsch, Lich. 7:14. 1821. 
Podetia rather short, commonly 5 to 25 mm. long and 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, cup- 
less and cylindrical or abortively scyphiform, commonly simple or rarely sparsely 
short-branched toward the apex, the sterile apices subulate, cornute, or abortively 
scyphiform, commonly straight and erect but sometimes flexuous, wholly decorti- 
cate and sorediate, or corticate toward the base and rarely below the cups, the cortex 
subcontinuous or areolate-verrucose, without squamules or more or less squamulose, 
especially toward the base; cups small or abortive, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, terminal 
with a usually entire and at least nonproliferate margin; apothecia scarcely rare, 
borne at the apex of the podetia or on the margins of the small cups, commonly sub- 
solitary on very short pedicels. 
Generally distributed over the State. Commonly on old and rotting wood. 
Wainio does not give the subspecies a wide North American distribution, but it 
seems that the plants referred to Cladonia fimbriata tubaeformis, by Tuckerman belong 
here or to the next subspecies. This would give a general North American distri- 
bution, which doubtless exists. Known also in Europe, Asia, and Australia. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 14.—See p. 113. 
27h. Cladonia fimbriata apolepta (Ach.) Wainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 
10: 307. 1894. 
Baeomyces bacillaris apoleptus Ach. Meth. Lich. 330. pl. 7. f. 6. 1803. 
Podetia commonly quite short, cupless or narrowly or abortively scyphiform, wholly 
decorticate and sorediate or corticate toward the base and rarely below the apothecia. 
This subspecies is perhaps rather shorter and more slender than the last, lighter in 
color, and more frequently squamulose. These remarks are based on the four or five 
specimens referred here for us by Doctor Wainio, and we admit our inability to dis- 
tinguish between the two subspecies. 
Confined to the northern portion of the State. On old and rotting wood. 
If these two subspecies may be regarded as at all distinct, the American and foreign 
distribution of the two is very similar. 
28. Cladonia pityrea (Floerke) Fr. Sched. Crit. Lich. Exsice. Suec, 8: 21. 1826. 
Capitularia pityrea Floerke, Ges. Naturf. Freund. Mag. 2: 15. 1808. 
Primary thallus finally disappearing, when present composed of subdigitate, lacini- 
ate, or crenate, involute, concave or flat, ascending, clustered or scattered squamules, 
which are 1 to 3 mm. long and 0.5 to 2 mm. wide, sea-green or olivaceous above and 
white below and rarely more or less sorediate-granulose; podetia arising from the sur- 
face of the primary thallus, 3.5 to 50 mm, long and 0.5 to 4 mm. in diameter, tube- 
form, turbinate, or subcylindrical, scattered or clustered in small patches, usually 
erect, the cortex subcontinuous and verrucose, or composed of small areoles, the 
areoles raised and contiguous, sometimes more or less squamulose; sea-green, varying 
toward ashy or olivaceous, sometimes scyphiform, the cupless and sterile apices obtuse 
or subulate, simple or digitately or irregularly branched; cups 0.5 to 3 mm. in diame- 
ter, gradually or abruptly dilated, commonly more or less irregular, often oblique, 
the cavity rather shallow, the margin dentate, lacerate, or proliferate, the prolifera- 
tions one or more and the ranks 1 to 3; apothecia small or medium-sized, 0.5 to 2.5mm. 
in diameter, often conglomerate, usually on short pedicels on the margins of the cups 
