146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
3. Omphalaria phyllisca (Wahl.) Tuck. Gen. Lich. 84. 1872, 
Endocarpon phylliscum Wahl. in Ach. Meth. Lich. Suppl. 25. 1803. 
Thallus strictly foliose, or sometimes showing a slightly fruticose tendency, only 
slightly raised from the substratum and presenting above a lobulate, rosulate, flattened 
surface with the marginal lobes better developed, rarely somewhat imbricated, black 
and rigid, small, 1.5 to 3 mm. in diameter in ours, scarcely so gelatinous as the other 
two species; algal cells unusually large and frequently solitary, 10 to 28 jin diameter; 
apothecia minute, scarcely exceeding 0.5 mm, in diameter, immersed-globose with a 
punctiform disk, the whole structure appearing as minute slightly raised pustules 
scattered over the upper surface of the thallus; hypothecium pale or pale brownish; 
hymenium pale; paraphyses simple, but becoming gelatinized and indistinct; asci 
cylindrical to fusiform; spores shortly oblong-ellipsoid, 6 to 10 p long and 4 to 5 » wide, 
8 to 16 in each ascus. 
A single collection was made at Grand Marais. On the face of a perpendicular bluff 
near the shore of Lake Superior. 
Previously collected in North,America in New England, Oregon, and along the 
north shore of Lake Superior in Canada. Known also in Europe. 
The plant reported as this species from Redwood Falls is not the same, and a plant 
similar to the latter was collected at Grand Portage. The spore characters of these 
two plants were not shown distinctly in the final examination, and they can not be 
definitely located for the present. Our plants also resemble strongly Omphalaria 
pyrenoides Tuck. from New Mexico. 
Family EPHEBACEAE. 
The family is represented in our flora by a single genus with one or two species. 
So far as these two species with the same algal symbiont, Sirosiphon, are concerned, 
the family is perfectly distinct. But there are a number of other forms with differ- 
ent algal symbionts which are frequently placed near Ephebe, and which might, if 
considered, invalidate the distinct definition of the family. One of these is Lichnia, 
a rare North American lichen genus, and another is what we have placed in the next 
family under the name Pannaria nigra. 
The whole form of the plants is determined by the algal symbiont@ in our represent- 
atives of the family, this alga having a fruticose habit. The other characteristics of 
thallus and apothecia are sufficiently discussed under the single genus below. 
The relationship of the present family with the Pannariaceae is apparent, espe- 
cially through Pannaria nigra. The relationship is hardly to be regarded as a close 
one, however, when we consider that even in this species of Pannaria there is paren- 
chymatous tissue throughout and the form of the thallus is determined by the fungal 
symbiont. 
The Ephebaceae are lower than the Pannariaceae, both as to thallus structure 
and as to apothecial and spore characters, but the present family scarcely stands 
between the last two families and the Pannariaceae. 
EPHEBE IF. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1: 256. 1825. 
PLATE 24, 
The thallus is peculiar in structure and wholly different from that of any other 
Minnesota lichen genus. The form is entirely determined by the algal symbiont,¢ 
which is the blue-green filamentous alga Sirosiphon. This gives us a brownish or 
blackish branched fruticose thallus of small size and not differing macroscopically 
from the free alga, which grows on the same moist rocks as the lichen. Hence every 
specimen must be carefully studied microscopically to ascertain whether the lich- 
4 See footnote, p. 23. 
