FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 155 
1. Sticta amplissima (Scop.) Mass. Mem. Lich. 28. 1853. 
Lichen amplissimus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 386. 1772. 
Thallus rather closely adnate, more or less orbicular in outline, middle-sized or large, 
6.5 to 20 cm. in diameter, smooth above or becoming more or less rugose, the lobes 
somewhat elongated and narrow or occasionally wider, sometimes more or less imbri- 
cated, with sinuate, subentire, or obscurely crenate margins; sea-green varying toward 
ash-color or brownish, below commonly lighter-colored and clothed usually with a 
spongy nap of small rhizoids with much larger rhizoids interspersed here and there, or 
the small rhizoids few or rarely wanting; devoid of cyphelle or white spots and the 
rhizoids frequently becoming dark; apothecia subsessile, scattered, the disk concave, 
chestnut-colored, the margin entire or crenulate, middle-sized, | to3 mm. in diameter; 
hypothecium pale or brownish; hymenium pale below and pale or brownish above; 
paraphyses +’ mple, the apex usually thickened and brownish; asci clavate or ovate- 
clavate; spores hyaline to light brown, 2 to 4 celled, 30 to 65 » long and 4.5 to 7 » wide. 
Distributed throughout the northern portion of the State. On trees and rocks, 
especially on cedars in swamps. 
Distributed throughout the eastern half of North America, but toward the south for 
the most part confined to mountains. Known in all of the grand divisions except 
South America. 
2. Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Schaer. Enum. Lich. Eur. 30. 1850. PLaTE 27. 
Lichen pulmonarius L. Sp. Pl. 1145. 1753. 
Thallus middle-sized or large, 6.5 to 21 cm. in diameter, rather loosely attached to 
the substratum, prominently pustulate-reticulate, tawny-olivaceous varying toward 
sea-green, frequently sorediate or isidioid above, laciniately lobed, the lobes elongated 
and frequently deeply and narrowly sinuate, with retuse-truncate ends; beneath 
clothed with small brownish rhizoids which give a villous surface, with naked, raised, 
and whitish spots interspersed; apothecia adnate, usually submarginal, the disk 
chestnut, convex, the thalloid margin thin, entire or wrinkled and finally disappearing, 
middle-sized, 1.5 to 4 mm. in diameter; hypothecium not distinctly 2-layered, pale 
brownish; hymenium pale below and pale or pale brownish above; paraphyses simple 
or branched, the apex somewhat thickened and brownish; asci clavate; spores cym- 
biform, hyaline or pale, 2 to 4 celled, 18 to 33 « long and 5.5 to 9 » wide. 
Confined to the northern portion of the State. On trees and rocks. 
Distributed throughout the eastern half of North America, but confined to the moun- 
tains toward the south. Also extending to the Pacific coast in British America and 
Alaska. Known also in all of the grand divisions. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 27,.—View in a cedar swamp showing Stictas, Parmelias, and Pyzine sorediata 
on the prostrate tree at the front. About one-fortieth natural size. 
3. Sticta crocata (L.) Ach. Lich. Suec. 158, 257. 1798. 
Lichen crocatus LL. Mant. Pl. 2: 310. 1771. 
Thallus of medium size or larger, 5.5 to 14 cm. in diameter, rather loosely attached 
to the substratum, irregularly laciniate, more or less pitted or reticulately ribbed, com- 
monly bordered and frequently more or less sprinkled above with yellowish green 
soredia, varying in color from sea-green to some shade of brown, the lobes wide and 
rounded with crenate or laciniate margins, more or less imbricated, below of the same 
color as above or darker, the rather small rhizoids forming a soft nap in which are 
scattered the more or less sorediiform cyphels; apothecia scattered or marginal, 
medium-sized with usually black disk, the thalloid margin crenate and more or less 
evanescent; spores 2-celled, brown, oblong-fusiform, 20 to 32 » long and 9 to 10 » wide. 
Ours sterile, the spore and apothecial characters taken from Nylander, 
Distributed throughout the northeastern portion of the State, as far west as Rainy 
Lake City and as far south as Duluth. On trees and also on shaded rocks. 
