FINK—-THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 163 
the tips usually enlarged and brownish; asci long-clavate; spores 4 to 8-celled, 40 to 
65 » long and 3 to 5 » wide. 
The plant has been noted in all parts of the State except the northeastern portion, 
but much of the material is uncertain and may belong in.some instances to the next 
or more probably to Peltigera scutata (Dicks.) Leight. There is a form which seems to 
belong distinctly to the above description, but there is much confusion both in America 
and in Europe as to the relation of the present species and the next, a fact that is 
apparent enough in examining the exsiccati of the best lichenists. 
On earth under trees, on rocks or on the bases of tree trunks. 
The plant is widely distributed in North America, Known in all of the grand 
divisions, 
8. Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. Deutsch, Fl. 2: 106. 1795. Fiaure 13. 
Lichen caninus L. Sp. Pl. 1149. 1753. 
Thallus closely adnate toward the center, but more or less ascending toward the 
margins of the lobes, middle-sized to large, 7.5 to 25 cm. in diameter, the upper por- 
tion clothed for the most part with trichomatic hyphe, giving a downy appearance 
under the lens, the lobes 
wide with usually rounded 
but sometimes irregular or 
crenate margins or even 
much crisped, sea-green to 
brownish, below whitish 
or rarely brownish toward 
the center, with veins and 
rhizoids of the same color; 
apothecia middle-sized or 
larger, 4 to8 mm. in diam- 
eter, on long and usually 
nearly erect lobes,rounded 
more commonly semirevo- 
lute, the disk reddish brown, becoming vertical; hypothecium brownish; hymenium 
usually pale below and brownish above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, 
frequently enlarged and brownish toward the apex; asci long-clavate; spores 4 to 
8-celled, 38 to 72 » long and 3 to 5 # wide. 
Generally distributed over the State. Habitats as in the last. 
Found in all portions of North America, but preferring mountains to the south. 
Known in all of the grand divisions except Australia. 
CE ip 28S 
PB a ba ae es 
; ee Thay gael ee 
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pts 
Fig. 13.—Peltigera canina. Section of a portion of an apothecium, 
showing immersion. Enlarged 45 diameters. From Reinke. 
8a. Peltigera canina spongiosa Tuck. Gen. Lich. 38. 1872. 
The pale veins of the lower side passing into tufted rhizoids, of the same color or 
darkening, these frequently running together into a conspicuous spongy nap. 
Ours are large plants, and the trichomatic hyphe are usually large and numerous. 
Commonly sterile. 
Rare in the northern portion of the State, and a single doubtful specimen has been 
recorded from Redwood Falls. On earth or over mosses in swamps. 
The subspecies is recorded from a few localities in the northern United States and 
is more common northward, extending into arctic regions, An American form, 
known only in North America. 
8b. Peltigera canina spuria (Ach.) Tuck. Gen. Lich. 38. 1872. 
Lichen spurius Ach, Lich, Suec, 159. 1798. 
The cream-colored veins of the lower side scarcely rhizoid-bearing, the fertile 
lobules somewhat digitately clustered, the whole thallus including the apothecia 
reduced in size, lobes 15 to 45 mm. in length. Not differing microscopically. 
