174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Thallus not so thick, sometimes granulose. 
Thallus granulose, or becoming verrucose. 
Thallus granulose and sorediate.............-- 
Thallus granulose, becoming verrucose. ...... 
Thallus smooth or chinky. 
Exciple entire. 
Apothecia small, usually brown... ......-.- 
Apothecia small, usually black............. 
Exciple subentire; apothecia flesh-colored or 
pale brown, small or minute....... 
Apothecia always adnate, or varying in position from adnate 
to immersed. 
Apothecia always adnate. 
Exciple usually crenate or crenulate. 
Disk gray-pruinose... 2.2.2... ..2.0.0022222.2.22---. 
Disk not gray-pruinose. 
Disk brown to blackish; spores sometimes 2-celled 
Disk yellowish brown to olivaceous............-.- 
Exciple scarcely ever plainly crenate or crenulate. 
Exciple entire, flexuous, or rarely subcrenulate. 
Exciple becoming flexuous or rarely disappearing, 
disk dark grayish or yellowish. ............-. 
Exciple persistent, entire or subentire; disk flesh- 
colored to light brown... ...........22--2---- 
Exciple irregular or disappearing; disk flesh-colored 
to brownish...............2..-222-.-2-2+-------- 
Apothecia adnate or more or less immersed. 
Disk always black, or becoming black. 
Disk always black; exciple usually entire. .... 2... - 
Disk becoming black. 
Disk more or less pruinose. 
Disk at first flesh-colored. 2... ........-.-.----. 
Disk at first reddish-olivaceous................ 
Disk not pruinose, flesh-colored to blackish; exci- 
ple entire or disappearing...................- 
Disk never black. 
Disk flesh-colored to yellowish buff; exciple entire 
Disk dark grayish or yellowish; exciple becoming 
flexuous and disappearing. ............-..--..- 
1. Lecanora rubina (Lam. & DC.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 412. [810. 
Lichen rubinus Lam. & DC. FI]. Fr. ed. 3. 1: 77.1778. 
. L. subfusea 
soreditfera. 
7c. L. subfusca hyp- 
7d. 
lla. 
1]. 
l2a. 
norum. 
L. subfusca ar- 
gentata. 
. DL. subfusca coil- 
ocar pa. 
. 1. subfusea dis- 
tans. 
L. hageni. 
3. L. erysibe. 
. L. dispersa. 
L. polytropa. 
. L. sambuci. 
. L. subepulotica. 
. L. atra. 
3. L. sordida. 
. LL. varia sae- 
pincola. 
L. varia sym- 
micta. 
LL. varia. 
L. polytropa me- 
laena. 
Thallus commonly closely adnate and subfoliose but rarely plainly foliose, sub- 
monophyllous and attached by an umbilicus; the former condition more or less round- 
lobed, irregular or suborbicular, 15 to30 mm. in diameter, the lobes sometimes becom- 
ing elongated, frequently imbricated or more often closely aggregated into an appar- 
