178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
7. Lecanora subfusea (L.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 393. pl. 7. /. 6. 1810. Fiaure 14. 
Lichen subfuscus L. Sp. Pl. 1142. 1753. 
Thallus crustose, rather smooth, or becoming chinky or verrucose-areolate, usually 
of moderate thickness, but rarely thin, with the granules somewhat scattered, occurring 
in suborbicular patches, from 1.5 em. upward in diameter, or irregular and frequently 
widely spread over the substratum, sea-green varying to ashy or whitish, without other 
cortical structure than a gelatinized and often structureless mass of hyphw; apothecia 
Fic. 14.—Lecanora subfusca. a, Thallus with several apothecia; b, a section of anapothecium to show 
the thalloid exciple, the hymenium and the hypothecium; a, Enlarged 3 diameters; b, 60 diameters, 
From Reinke. 
small to middle-sized, sessile or adnate, 0.5 to 2mm. in diameter, the disk flat to some- 
what convex, light brown to black in color, the exciple entire to crenate and always 
persistent; hypothecium pale; hymenium pale below and usually pale brownish 
above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched, sometimes enlarged and brownish 
toward the apex; asci variously clavate; spores ellipsoid, 9 to 20 ” long and 6 to 10 Mu 
wide. 
Generally distributed over the State, as are some of the subspecies given below. 
On trees or dead wood, or rarely on rocks. 
Known throughout North America. Found also in all of the grand divisions. 
va. Lecanora subfusca allophana Ach. Lich. Univ. 395. 1810. 
Thallus rather thick, rough or granulate-verrucose; apothecia reaching the full size 
of the species, the disk reddish brown to blackish, the exciple entire, flexuous, or 
crenate; spores reaching full size for the species. 
In this and the other subspecies we have followed Tuckerman. 
Distributed throughout the northern portion of the State. On cedars in swamps. 
Though the subspecies is not recorded for a large number of North American local- 
ities, it is no doubt widely distributed. Known also in South America, Europe, and 
Africa. 
7b. Lecanora subfusca campestris Schaer. in Rabenh. Lich. Exsice. 691. 1860. 
Thallus becoming thick and roughened; apothecia finally and often irregularly 
convex and the exciple frequently disappearing, wholly or in part. 
Collected at Minneapolis and at Granite Falls; not previously reported from the 
State. On rocks. 
Elsewhere in North America in California. Known also in Europe, Asia, Africa, 
and New Zealand. 
7c. Lecanora subfusca hypnorum (Wulf.) Schaer. Enum. Lich. Eur. 75. 1850. 
Lichen hypnorum Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. Bot. 4: 233. pl. 7. f. 2. 1790. 
Thallus running over mosses, granulose or verrucose, whitish; apothecia middle- 
sized, brown, the exciple entire or flexuous, 
The plant placed here was collected in the Misquah Hills. Among moss on a 
cedar tree, 
