196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
7a. Parmelia saxatilis sulcata (Tayl.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1: 389. 1858. 
Parmelia sulcata Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hibern. 2: 145. 1856. 
Thallus usually wider lobed and paler and bearing rounded, oblong, or irregular 
soredia; apothecia seen smaller and spores also rather smaller. 
Widely distributed in the State, but rare. On trees and rarely on rocks, 
As widely distributed as the species in North America. Also common in northern 
Europe and Asia. 
7b. Parmelia saxatilis panniformis (Ach.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 10: 457. 1839. 
Parmelia omphalodes panniformis Ach. Meth. Lich. 204. 1803. 
Tuckerman says ‘‘lobes short, densely crowded, and imbricated.’’ Ours is small, 
but the lobes are not shorter in proportion to size, nor are they more imbricate than 
ordinarily. The plant is more closely adnate than usual and well supplied with 
isidioid granules or branchlets. The few apothecia were small and unfortunately 
yielded no spores. 
Collected twice in southwestern Minnesota and several times along the northern 
boundary. On rocks. 
Elsewhere in America known in the arctic region and in the White Mountains 
(New Hampshire). Also in Europe. 
8. Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 250. 1803. PLATE 37. 
Lichen physodes L. Sp. Pl. 1194. 1753. 
Thallus of medium size, 5.5 to 10 cm. in diameter, rather loosely attached to the 
substratum, showing open spaces between the lower cortex and the medullary layer 
(inflated), usually quite smooth, sea-green or whitish, the lobes long, narrow, 
sinuous or dichotomously branched, somewhat imbricate with the margins frequently 
somewhat ascendant; beneath black or brownish black, brown or white-sorediate 
toward the margins, rugose and without rhizoids; apothecia rather rare, middle-sized 
to large, 3 to 14 mm. in diameter (or reaching 18 or 20 mm. in material from Australia), 
inflated-subpedicellate, the disk chestnut or lighter, the margin entire or somewhat 
irregular, commonly more or less concave; hypothecium pale or brownish; hymenium 
pale or brownish; paraphyses plainly jointed, simple or rarely branched toward the 
sometimes thickened and colored apex; asci broadly-clavate; spores subspherical or 
short-ellipsoid, 4 to 8 » long and 4 to 6 » wide. 
Common on trees in the northern portion of the State. Rarely on rocks also, Ours 
sterile and the microscopic characters taken from other material. 
Widely distributed in North America and common to all of the grand divisions. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 37.—See page 195, 
9. Parmelia pertusa (Schrank.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 10: 457. 1839. 
PLATE 38, 
Lichen pertusus Schrank, Baier. Fl. 2: 519. 1789, 
Thallus closely adnate, medium sized or larger, 6 to 15 cm. in diameter, showing 
open spaces between the lower cortex and the medullary layer (inflated), the surface 
shining and sea green or whitish, bearing scattered round white soredia and perforated 
sparingly by round or oblong holes (pertuse), the lobes crowded, imbricate, and freely 
branching, their margins scarcely ever ascendant; beneath black or brownish toward 
the margins, rugose and without rhizoids; apothecia very rare, small, the disk chestnut, 
the margin entire; spores 2 or 4 in each ascus, ellipsoid, 45 to 60 ~ long and 22 to 28 4 
wide. 
Ours sterile and the apothecial and spore characters taken from Tuckerman. 
Collected at Grand Marais (Hibbard photograph no. 5240). On cedars. Not known 
elsewhere in the State, and not previously reported. 
