FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 905 
Lobes few and wide, subsimple and frequently quite long; apothecia in the more 
distinct wide-lobed forms laterally placed on one side of the thallus and frequently 
larger than in other subspecies, sometimes surpassing the measurements given above. 
Extreme forms quite distinct, but passing into the next subspecies. 
Occurs in all parts of the State except the northeastern portion, but is rare except 
in the southeastern part. On trees and old wood. 
Widely distributed in North America. Also common in all the grand divisions 
except Australia. Foreign specimens sometimes twiceas long as our Minnesota plants. 
1b. Ramalina calicaris canaliculata Fr. Lich. Eur. 30. 1851. 
The lobes much as in the last as to number, branching, and length, but even nar- 
rower and with a conspicuous longitudinal groove on one side (canaliculate); apothecia 
of the same size as in the last above, but attached just below the usually long and 
geniculate tips. 
A single locality in the State, Snowbank Lake, in the extreme northern part. On 
trees. 
American and foreign distribution about the same as that of the last, but the plant 
is more rare in most localities. 
le. Ramalina calicaris farinacea (L.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord, 21: 293. 1856. 
Lichen farinaceus LL. Sp. Pl. 1146. 1753. 
Thallus lobes frequently narrower than in the last, usually smoother, frequently 
becoming quite long and slender, covered more or less with usually conspicuous white 
soredia; apothecia lateral or terminal, rare. 
Occurs in all parts of the State, but is rarely seen in fruit. On rocks and rarely on 
trees. 
Common to all the grand divisions, both in frigid and warmer regions. The plant 
frequently reaches 12 to 14 cm. in length in Europe. 
2. Ramalina polymorpha Ach. Lich. Univ. 600. 1810. 
Lichen polymorphus Ach. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18: 270. pl. 11. f. 3. 1797. 
Thallus 10 to 40 mm. long, somewhat rigid, smooth or longitudinally rugose, com- 
posed of tufted lobes, compressed; lobes few or many, narrow (in ours scarcely more 
than 2 to 4 mm. wide) and sprinkled more or less, especially toward the apices, with 
conspicuous soredia; apothecia 2 to 5 mm. in diameter, slightly concave, pale yel- 
lowish or more or less white-pruinose, subpedicellate and subterminal; paraphyses 
somewhat branched or simple, the apex slightly thickened but scarcely colored; asci 
cylindrico-clavate; spores oblong, straight, 11 to 15 » long and 4 to 5 » wide. 
The above microscopic characters were taken from European plants and from num- 
ber 763 collected in 1897 at the Palisades, north shore of Lake Superior. 
The plant from the Palisades is the only undoubted specimen of the species col- 
lected thus far in Minnesota. Others from Granite Falls and Rainy Lake City seem 
nearer the last above. On rocks. 
Little is known of the plant in North America. More or less common in Europe, 
Africa, and Australia. 
3. Ramalina pusilla Prev. in Fr. Lich. Eur. 29. 1831. Puate 41, B, 
Thallus small, about 7 to 13 mm. long, somewhat rigid, smooth or more or less 
reticulated, composed of tufted lobes, these rounded or compressed, hollow- 
inflated, only 1 to 2 mm. wide; apothecia small, 0.5 to 2. mm. in diameter, plane or 
somewhat concave, pale yellowish or whitish, sessile or subpedicellate, commonly 
subterminal; parpahyses more or less branched, pale and slightly thickened toward 
the apex; asci short-clavate; spores oblong to ellipsoid, straight or slightly curved, 
11 to 16 » long and 5 to 7 » wide. 
