206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Found in the northern portion of the State and almost wholly confined to balsams, 
In North America confined for most part to arctic and subarctic regions, Known 
also in South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia. Some of Arnold’s European 
plants are much larger than ours. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 41.—See page 204. 
3a. Ramalina pusilla geniculata (Tayl. & Hook.) Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 26, 
1882, 
Ramalina geniculata Tayl. & Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 655. 1844. 
Thallus more commonly compressed, smooth, subdichotomously and frequently 
much branched, sometimes bearing soredia, the tips of the lobes deflexed, 
Occurring with the last, but less common. 
North and South American distribution about the same as that of the species. 
Also known in Europe and Australia. 
ALECTORIA Ach. Lich. Univ. 120, 592. pl. 13. f. 1-4. 1810. 
The thallus is strictly fruticose and cylindrical or compressed-cylindrical, more 
commonly the latter at the points of branching, and may be erect, spreading, or pend- 
ent. Branching is frequent and usually dichotomous or subdichotomous. The pseu- 
docortex consists of a thick layer of stout hyphe, running for most part parallel in 
a longitudinal direction, and forming a hollow cylinder, which in some forms is quite 
rigid, the hyphz composing a tissue which functions as stereome. The outer hyphie 
of the cylinder are usually colored and stronger, the whole structure, however, as is 
common among lichens, becoming flexible when wet. Within the cortex is the algal 
layer, consisting of rather scattered clusters of algse, which form an incomplete hollow 
cylinder within the cortex. The medullary tissue consists of loosely interwoven 
hyphe, traversing the space within the cortex and united here and there with its 
inner hyphee. In some species the cortical layer is thinner and the medullary layer 
traversed by a number of small bundles of longitudinal hyphe. The color is brown, 
blackish brown, straw-colored, or sea-green, & given species differing greatly in color 
and even a given plant at different ages. 
The apothecia are rather rare in most of the species, lateral and sessile or immersed, 
the disk of different color from that of the thallus, the margin usually entire. The 
hypothecium is pale and consists of two distinct layers. The hymenium is usually 
pale or slightly colored below and darker above. The paraphyses are usually sim- 
ple. The spores are simple (the genus in the Tuckermanian sense also including spe- 
cies having compound spores), colorless, or becoming brownish, 2, 3, 4, or 8 in each 
ascus. 
The genus seems to be very closely related to Usnea. 
A single species, with two subspecies, occurs in the State. On trees and old wood. 
Type species Alectoria jubata (1.) Ach. loc. cit. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Thallus rather short, spreading, prostrate, or subpendent, com- 
monly sorediate...........2000000220-000. 000 la. A, jubata chalybei- 
Jsormis. 
Thallus long and pendent. 
Thallus freely branching dichotomously, brown or some- 
times in part or wholly sea-green..................... 1. A. jubata. 
Thallus much elongated, more freely branched and the 
branches intertangled, brown or darker throughout.... 1b. A, jubata implera, 
1. Alectoria jubata (L.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 592. pl. 13. f. 2. 1810. 
Lichen jubatus L. Sp. Pl. 1155. 1753. Puate 42, A. 
Thallus tufted, slender, long and pendent, freely branching dichotomously, sub- 
cylindrical, brown, blackish brown, or sometimes wholly or in part sea-green; ours 
