218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Margins of the lobes scarcely raised. 
Thallus commonly yellow or orange; spores 
eight in each ascuS..............----------- 2. T. polycarpus. 
Thallus greenish yellow or rarely yellow; 
spores many in each ascus.......-..---.---- 4. T. concolor. 
1. Teloschistes chrysopthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Gen. Het. Eur. 51. 1861. 
PuLaTE 45. 
Lichen chrysopthalmus L. Mant. Pl. 2: 311. 1771. 
Thallus tufted, subfruticose, erect, spreading, or showing a pendent tendency, 
quite rigid, fibrillose, the long lobes compressed and freely branching dichotomously, 
the fibrils few or more numerous toward the apices of the lobes, showing a pseudo- 
cortex; yellow to sea-green toward the top and paler toward the bottom and on the 
lower side; 4 to 15 mm. long, though plants from outside the State are frequently 
longer; apothecia small or medium, 1 to 5 mm. in diameter, terminal or subterminal, 
the margin more or less ciliate, or devoid of cilia in ours; the disk orange, concave 
or flat; hypothecium pale; hymenium pale below and pale or pale yellowish above; 
paraphyses conspicuously jointed, branched toward the apex, the apices of the 
branches pale or yellowish and often somewhat thickened; asci cylindrico-clavate or 
ovate-cylindrical; spores ellipsoid, polar 2-celled or occasionally some of them not 
polar, 10 to 16 » long and 5 to 8 » wide. 
Infrequent, but known to exist in all parts of the State except the northeastern 
portion. On trees or old wood, 
Occurring in some form in all parts of North America. Also distributed throughout 
all the grand divisions. 
2. Teloschistes polycarpus (Hoffm.) Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1:50. 1882. 
Puate 46, A. 
Lobaria polycarpa Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 159, 1795. 
Thallus foliose, 6 to 20 mm. in diameter, prostrate, the margins scarcely raised, 
circular or irregular, the lobes small, narrow, freely divided or occasionally much 
reduced, imbricated or often scattered, the lower side more or less furnished with 
pale rhizoids and marginal pale or yellow fibrils, frequently almost wholly concealed 
by the commonly numerous apothecia, yellow or orange above or varying toward 
brownish or grayish, pale beneath; apothecia orange or at least darker than the thallus 
and having a paler entire or crenulate margin, rather small and commonly very 
numerous, concave or flat, commonly subpedicellate, rarely more or less fibrillose 
below, | to 4 or rarely 5 mm. in diameter; hypothecium pale; hymenium pale below 
and pale or yellowish above; paraphyses conspicuously jointed and usually branched 
toward the apex, the apices of the branches pale or yellowish and enlarged; asci 
ovate-clavate or cylindrico-clavate; spores ellipsoid, polar 2-celled or occasionally 
partly nonpolar, 12 to 18 » long and 5 to 8 » wide. 
Our most common species, and found in all parts of the State. On trees, old wood, 
and very rarely on rocks. . 
Occurs in all parts of North America. Also distributed throughout the grand 
divisions. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 46.—A, Plant of Teloschistes polycarpus on a dead branch, showing the numer- 
ous apothecia characteristic of the species. B, Plant of Rinodina sophodes on a tree trunk, showing the 
crustose thallus and the apothecia. A and B enlarged 13 diameters. 
3. Teloschistes lychneus (Ach.) Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich, 1: 50. 1882. 
Parmelia candelabra lychnea Ach. Meth. Lich, 187, 1803. 
Thallus foliose, rather larger than in the last, 12 to 35 mm. in diameter, ascending 
or subprostrate with ascendant margins, compact and the lobes more or less imbri- 
cate, these in ours larger, wider, and rather less divided than in the last, the mar 
gins isidioid-granulate, the lower side more or less furnished with pale rhizoids and 
